1. 簡介
有時,工作負載會因為各種原因而無法從 Oracle 資料庫轉移至 AlloyDB。在這種情況下,如果我們想在 AlloyDB 中提供資料以供報表或進一步處理,可以運用 Oracle FDW (外部資料包裝函式)。Oracle FDW 可查詢遠端 Oracle 資料庫中的資料,並透過檢視區塊呈現遠端資料,讓資料看起來像是位於 AlloyDB 中。
在本程式碼研究室中,您將瞭解如何使用 Oracle FDW,透過 VPN 服務將 AlloyDB 資料庫連線至部署在不同網路中的 Oracle 資料庫。

上圖左側顯示 AlloyDB 叢集和 GCE 執行個體 instance-1,部署在具有預設網路的虛擬私有雲中;右側則顯示 GCE 執行個體 ora-xe-01,部署在具有 $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 網路名稱的另一個虛擬私有雲中。第一個和第二個 VPC 會透過 Cloud VPN 連線,並建立路徑,讓 Oracle 和 AlloyDB 執行個體彼此通訊。
透過 VPN 從 AlloyDB 連線至 Oracle 透過 VPN 從 AlloyDB 連線至 Oracle
如要進一步瞭解 Oracle FDW 擴充功能,請參閱這篇文章。
必要條件
- 對 Google Cloud 控制台有基本瞭解
- 指令列介面和 Google Shell 的基本技能
- PostgreSQL 和 Oracle 資料庫的基本知識
課程內容
- 如何部署 AlloyDB 叢集
- 如何連線至 AlloyDB
- 如何設定及部署 Oracle 資料庫範例
- 如何在兩個虛擬私有雲網路之間設定 VPN
- 如何設定 Oracle FDW 擴充功能
軟硬體需求
- Google Cloud 帳戶和 Google Cloud 專案
- 網路瀏覽器,例如 Chrome
2. 設定和需求
自修實驗室環境設定
- 登入 Google Cloud 控制台,然後建立新專案或重複使用現有專案。如果沒有 Gmail 或 Google Workspace 帳戶,請先建立帳戶。



- 專案名稱是這個專案參與者的顯示名稱。這是 Google API 未使用的字元字串。你隨時可以更新。
- 專案 ID 在所有 Google Cloud 專案中都是不重複的,而且設定後即無法變更。Cloud 控制台會自動產生專屬字串,通常您不需要在意該字串為何。在大多數程式碼研究室中,您需要參照專案 ID (通常標示為
PROJECT_ID)。如果您不喜歡產生的 ID,可以產生另一個隨機 ID。你也可以嘗試使用自己的名稱,看看是否可用。完成這個步驟後就無法變更,且專案期間會維持不變。 - 請注意,有些 API 會使用第三個值,也就是「專案編號」。如要進一步瞭解這三種值,請參閱說明文件。
- 接著,您需要在 Cloud 控制台中啟用帳單,才能使用 Cloud 資源/API。完成這個程式碼研究室的費用不高,甚至可能完全免費。如要關閉資源,避免在本教學課程結束後繼續產生費用,請刪除您建立的資源或專案。Google Cloud 新使用者可參加價值$300 美元的免費試用計畫。
啟動 Cloud Shell
雖然可以透過筆電遠端操作 Google Cloud,但在本程式碼研究室中,您將使用 Google Cloud Shell,這是可在雲端執行的指令列環境。
在 Google Cloud 控制台中,點選右上工具列的 Cloud Shell 圖示:

佈建並連線至環境的作業需要一些時間才能完成。完成後,您應該會看到如下的內容:

這部虛擬機器搭載各種您需要的開發工具,並提供永久的 5GB 主目錄,而且可在 Google Cloud 運作,大幅提升網路效能並強化驗證功能。您可以在瀏覽器中完成本程式碼研究室的所有作業。您不需要安裝任何軟體。
3. 事前準備
啟用 API
輸出內容:
在 Cloud Shell 中,確認專案 ID 已設定完畢:
gcloud config set project [YOUR-PROJECT-ID]
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
啟用所有必要服務:
gcloud services enable alloydb.googleapis.com \
compute.googleapis.com \
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
vpcaccess.googleapis.com
預期的輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (gleb-test-short-004)$ gcloud services enable alloydb.googleapis.com \
compute.googleapis.com \
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
vpcaccess.googleapis.com
Operation "operations/acf.p2-404051529011-664c71ad-cb2b-4ab4-86c1-1f3157d70ba1" finished successfully.
將預設區域設為 us-central1 或其他您偏好的區域。在本實驗室中,我們將使用 us-central1 地區。
gcloud config set compute/region us-central1
4. 部署 AlloyDB 叢集
建立 AlloyDB 叢集前,我們需要在 VPC 中分配私人 IP 範圍,供日後的 AlloyDB 執行個體使用,之後就能建立叢集和執行個體。
建立私人 IP 範圍
我們需要在 AlloyDB 的虛擬私有雲中設定私人服務連線。這裡的假設是專案中具有「預設」虛擬私有雲網路,且所有動作都會使用該網路。
建立私人 IP 範圍:
gcloud compute addresses create psa-range \
--global \
--purpose=VPC_PEERING \
--prefix-length=16 \
--description="VPC private service access" \
--network=default
使用分配的 IP 範圍建立私人連線:
gcloud services vpc-peerings connect \
--service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
--ranges=psa-range \
--network=default
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute addresses create psa-range \
--global \
--purpose=VPC_PEERING \
--prefix-length=16 \
--description="VPC private service access" \
--network=default
Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/addresses/psa-range].
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud services vpc-peerings connect \
--service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
--ranges=psa-range \
--network=default
Operation "operations/pssn.p24-4470404856-595e209f-19b7-4669-8a71-cbd45de8ba66" finished successfully.
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$
建立 AlloyDB 叢集
在預設區域中建立 AlloyDB 叢集:
export PGPASSWORD=`openssl rand -hex 12`
export REGION=us-central1
export ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01
gcloud alloydb clusters create $ADBCLUSTER \
--password=$PGPASSWORD \
--network=default \
--region=$REGION
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ export PGPASSWORD=`openssl rand -base64 12`
export REGION=us-central1
export ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01
gcloud alloydb clusters create $ADBCLUSTER \
--password=$PGPASSWORD \
--network=default \
--region=$REGION
Operation ID: operation-1697655441138-6080235852277-9e7f04f5-2012fce4
Creating cluster...done.
請記下 PostgreSQL 密碼,以供日後使用:
echo $PGPASSWORD
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ echo $PGPASSWORD bbefbfde7601985b0dee5723
建立 AlloyDB 主要執行個體
為叢集建立 AlloyDB 主要執行個體:
export REGION=us-central1
gcloud alloydb instances create $ADBCLUSTER-pr \
--instance-type=PRIMARY \
--cpu-count=2 \
--region=$REGION \
--cluster=$ADBCLUSTER
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud alloydb instances create $ADBCLUSTER-pr \
--instance-type=PRIMARY \
--cpu-count=2 \
--region=$REGION \
--availability-type ZONAL \
--cluster=$ADBCLUSTER
Operation ID: operation-1697659203545-6080315c6e8ee-391805db-25852721
Creating instance...done.
5. 連線至 AlloyDB
如要使用 AlloyDB 並執行建立資料庫、啟用擴充功能等指令,我們需要開發環境。可以是任何適用於 PostgreSQL 的標準工具。在本例中,我們將使用安裝在 Linux 機器上的 PostgreSQL 標準用戶端。
AlloyDB 是透過僅限私人的連線部署,因此我們需要安裝 PostgreSQL 用戶端的虛擬機器,才能使用資料庫。
部署 GCE VM
在與 AlloyDB 叢集相同的區域和 VPC 中建立 GCE VM。
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
export ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute instances create instance-1 \
--zone=$ZONE \
--scopes=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ export ZONE=us-central1-a
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute instances create instance-1 \
--zone=$ZONE \
--scopes=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/zones/us-central1-a/instances/instance-1].
NAME: instance-1
ZONE: us-central1-a
MACHINE_TYPE: n1-standard-1
PREEMPTIBLE:
INTERNAL_IP: 10.128.0.2
EXTERNAL_IP: 34.71.192.233
STATUS: RUNNING
安裝 Postgres 用戶端
在已部署的 VM 上安裝 PostgreSQL 用戶端軟體
連線至 VM:
gcloud compute ssh instance-1 --zone=us-central1-a
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute ssh instance-1 --zone=us-central1-a Updating project ssh metadata...working..Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417]. Updating project ssh metadata...done. Waiting for SSH key to propagate. Warning: Permanently added 'compute.5110295539541121102' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. Linux instance-1 5.10.0-26-cloud-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.197-1 (2023-09-29) x86_64 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. student@instance-1:~$
在 VM 內執行下列指令,安裝軟體:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --yes postgresql-client
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install --yes postgresql-client Get:1 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-bullseye-stable InRelease [5146 B] Get:2 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-bullseye InRelease [6406 B] Hit:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease Get:4 https://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease [48.4 kB] Get:5 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-bullseye-stable/main amd64 Packages [1930 B] Get:6 https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease [44.1 kB] Get:7 https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports InRelease [49.0 kB] ...redacted... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/13/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode Setting up postgresql-client (13+225) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u7) ...
連線至執行個體
使用 psql 從 VM 連線至主要執行個體。
在同一個 Cloud Shell 分頁中,開啟連往 instance-1 VM 的 SSH 工作階段。
使用記下的 AlloyDB 密碼 (PGPASSWORD) 值和 AlloyDB 叢集 ID,從 GCE VM 連線至 AlloyDB:
export PGPASSWORD=<Noted password>
ADBCLUSTER=<your AlloyDB cluster name>
REGION=us-central1
INSTANCE_IP=$(gcloud alloydb instances describe $ADBCLUSTER-pr --cluster=$ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --format="value(ipAddress)")
export INSTANCE_IP=<AlloyDB Instance IP>
psql "host=$INSTANCE_IP user=postgres sslmode=require"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ export PGPASSWORD=CQhOi5OygD4ps6ty
student@instance-1:~$ ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01
student@instance-1:~$ REGION=us-central1
student@instance-1:~$ INSTANCE_IP=$(gcloud alloydb instances describe $ADBCLUSTER-pr --cluster=$ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --format="value(ipAddress)")
gleb@instance-1:~$ psql "host=$INSTANCE_IP user=postgres sslmode=require"
psql (13.13 (Debian 13.13-0+deb11u1), server 14.7)
WARNING: psql major version 13, server major version 14.
Some psql features might not work.
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.3, cipher: TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=>
6. 建立 Oracle 範例資料庫
我們的 Oracle 資料庫範例會部署在另一個虛擬私有雲中,反映部署在內部部署系統或任何其他與 AlloyDB 叢集虛擬私有雲區隔開來的環境時的情況。
建立第二個虛擬私有雲
使用 Cloud Shell 的開啟分頁或已安裝 Google Cloud SDK 的指令列終端機,執行下列指令:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-central1
gcloud compute networks create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --project=$PROJECT_ID --description=Custom\ VPC\ for\ $PROJECT_ID\ project --subnet-mode=custom --mtu=1460 --bgp-routing-mode=regional
gcloud compute networks subnets create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION --project=$PROJECT_ID --range=10.110.0.0/24 --stack-type=IPV4_ONLY --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --region=$REGION
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) REGION=us-central1 gcloud compute networks create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --project=$PROJECT_ID --description=Custom\ VPC\ for\ $PROJECT_ID\ project --subnet-mode=custom --mtu=1460 --bgp-routing-mode=regional gcloud compute networks subnets create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION --project=$PROJECT_ID --range=10.110.0.0/24 --stack-type=IPV4_ONLY --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --region=$REGION Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-3726] Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/networks/test-project-402417-vpc-02]. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02 SUBNET_MODE: CUSTOM BGP_ROUTING_MODE: REGIONAL IPV4_RANGE: GATEWAY_IPV4: Instances on this network will not be reachable until firewall rules are created. As an example, you can allow all internal traffic between instances as well as SSH, RDP, and ICMP by running: $ gcloud compute firewall-rules create <FIREWALL_NAME> --network test-project-402417-vpc-02 --allow tcp,udp,icmp --source-ranges <IP_RANGE> $ gcloud compute firewall-rules create <FIREWALL_NAME> --network test-project-402417-vpc-02 --allow tcp:22,tcp:3389,icmp Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/test-project-402417-vpc-02-us-central1]. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-us-central1 REGION: us-central1 NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02 RANGE: 10.110.0.0/24 STACK_TYPE: IPV4_ONLY IPV6_ACCESS_TYPE:
在第二個虛擬私有雲中設定最少的防火牆規則,以進行基本診斷和 SSH 連線。
gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-icmp --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ ICMP\ connections\ from\ any\ source\ to\ any\ instance\ on\ the\ network. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --action=ALLOW --rules=icmp
gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-ssh --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ TCP\ connections\ from\ any\ source\ to\ any\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 22. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:22
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-icmp --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ ICMP\ connections\ from\ any\ source\ to\ any\ instance\ on\ the\ network. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --action=ALLOW --rules=icmp gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-ssh --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ TCP\ connections\ from\ any\ source\ to\ any\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 22. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:22 Creating firewall...working..Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-icmp]. Creating firewall...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-icmp NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02 DIRECTION: INGRESS PRIORITY: 65534 ALLOW: icmp DENY: DISABLED: False Creating firewall...working..Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-ssh]. Creating firewall...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-ssh NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02 DIRECTION: INGRESS PRIORITY: 65534 ALLOW: tcp:22 DENY: DISABLED: False
在預設和第二個虛擬私有雲中設定防火牆規則,允許內部子網路與資料庫連接埠之間的連線。
ALLOYDB_NET_IP_RANGES=$(gcloud compute networks subnets list --network=default --filter="region:us-central1" --format="value(ipCidrRange)"),$(gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name:psa-range AND network:default" --format="value(address_range())")
gcloud compute firewall-rules create default-allow-postgres --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=default --description=Allows\ Postgres\ connections\ from\ local\ networks\ to\ postgres\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 5432. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=10.110.0.0/24 --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:5432
gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-oracle --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ Oracle\ connections\ from\ local\ networks\ to\ Oracle\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 1521. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=$ALLOYDB_NET_IP_RANGES --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:1521
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ ALLOYDB_NET_IP_RANGES=$(gcloud compute networks subnets list --network=default --filter="region:us-central1" --format="value(ipCidrRange)"),$(gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name:psa-range AND network:default" --format="value(address_range())") gcloud compute firewall-rules create default-allow-postgres --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=default --description=Allows\ Postgres\ connections\ from\ local\ networks\ to\ postgres\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 5432. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=10.110.0.0/24 --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:5432 gcloud compute firewall-rules create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-oracle --project=$PROJECT_ID --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --description=Allows\ Oracle\ connections\ from\ local\ networks\ to\ Oracle\ instance\ on\ the\ network\ using\ port\ 1521. --direction=INGRESS --priority=65534 --source-ranges=$ALLOYDB_NET_IP_RANGES --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:1521 Creating firewall...working..Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/default-allow-postgres]. Creating firewall...done. NAME: default-allow-postgres NETWORK: default DIRECTION: INGRESS PRIORITY: 65534 ALLOW: tcp:5432 DENY: DISABLED: False Creating firewall...working..Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-oracle]. Creating firewall...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-oracle NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02 DIRECTION: INGRESS PRIORITY: 65534 ALLOW: tcp:1521 DENY: DISABLED: False
在第二個虛擬私有雲中部署 GCE VM
使用第二個 VPC 子網路,為 Oracle 範例環境部署 GCE VM。這個運算執行個體將做為我們的 Oracle 測試環境。Oracle XE 資料庫二進位檔會安裝在這裡,且執行個體會做為伺服器和用戶端,用於執行 Oracle 特定工作。
使用相同的 Cloud Shell 或終端機執行指令,建立 VM:
SERVER_NAME=ora-xe-01
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-central1
ZONE=us-central1-a
MACHINE_TYPE=e2-standard-2
SUBNET=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION
DISK_SIZE=50
gcloud compute instances create $SERVER_NAME --project=$PROJECT_ID --zone=$ZONE --machine-type=$MACHINE_TYPE --network-interface=subnet=$SUBNET --create-disk=auto-delete=yes,boot=yes,size=$DISK_SIZE,image=projects/debian-cloud/global/images/$(gcloud compute images list --filter="family=debian-11 AND family!=debian-11-arm64" \
--format="value(name)"),type=pd-ssd
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ SERVER_NAME=ora-xe-01
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-central1
ZONE=us-central1-a
MACHINE_TYPE=e2-standard-2
SUBNET=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION
DISK_SIZE=50
gcloud compute instances create $SERVER_NAME --project=$PROJECT_ID --zone=$ZONE --machine-type=$MACHINE_TYPE --network-interface=subnet=$SUBNET --create-disk=auto-delete=yes,boot=yes,size=$DISK_SIZE,image=projects/debian-cloud/global/images/$(gcloud compute images list --filter="family=debian-11 AND family!=debian-11-arm64" \
--format="value(name)"),type=pd-ssd
Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-3726]
Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/zones/us-central1-a/instances/ora-xe-01].
WARNING: Some requests generated warnings:
- Disk size: '50 GB' is larger than image size: '10 GB'. You might need to resize the root repartition manually if the operating system does not support automatic resizing. See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk#resize_pd for details.
NAME: ora-xe-01
ZONE: us-central1-a
MACHINE_TYPE: e2-standard-2
PREEMPTIBLE:
INTERNAL_IP: 10.110.0.2
EXTERNAL_IP: 34.121.117.216
STATUS: RUNNING
建立 Oracle XE
測試會使用 Oracle Express Edition (XE)。請注意,使用 Oracle XE 容器時,須遵守《Oracle 免費使用條款及細則授權》。
使用 SSH 連線至建立的 VM:
gcloud compute ssh $SERVER_NAME --zone=$ZONE
在 SSH 工作階段中,部署 Oracle XE 的 Docker 類型部署作業所需套件。如要瞭解其他部署選項,請參閱 Oracle 說明文件。
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
sudo mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
預期的控制台輸出內容 (已刪除):
student@ora-xe-01:~$ sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release sudo mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin sudo usermod -aG docker $USER Get:1 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-bullseye-stable InRelease [5146 B] Get:2 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-bullseye InRelease [6406 B] ... Setting up git (1:2.30.2-1+deb11u2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u7) ... student@ora-xe-01:~$
登出並重新連線,即可重新連線至 VM。
exit
gcloud compute ssh $SERVER_NAME --zone=$ZONE
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@ora-xe-01:~$ exit logout Connection to 34.132.87.73 closed. student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-002-410214)$ gcloud compute ssh $SERVER_NAME --zone=$ZONE Linux ora-xe-01 5.10.0-26-cloud-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.197-1 (2023-09-29) x86_64 The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Jan 4 14:51:25 2024 from 34.73.112.191 student@ora-xe-01:~$
在 ora-xe-01 的新 SSH 工作階段中執行下列指令:
ORACLE_PWD=`openssl rand -hex 12`
echo $ORACLE_PWD
docker run -d --name oracle-xe -p 1521:1521 -e ORACLE_PWD=$ORACLE_PWD container-registry.oracle.com/database/express:21.3.0-xe
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@ora-xe-01:~$ ORACLE_PWD=`openssl rand -hex 12` echo $ORACLE_PWD docker run -d --name oracle-xe -p 1521:1521 -e ORACLE_PWD=$ORACLE_PWD container-registry.oracle.com/database/express:21.3.0-xe e36e191b6c298ce6e02a614c Unable to find image 'container-registry.oracle.com/database/express:21.3.0-xe' locally 21.3.0-xe: Pulling from database/express 2318ff572021: Pull complete c6250726c822: Pull complete 33ac5ea7f7dd: Pull complete 753e0fae7e64: Pull complete Digest: sha256:dcf137aab02d5644aaf9299aae736e4429f9bfdf860676ff398a1458ab8d23f2 Status: Downloaded newer image for container-registry.oracle.com/database/express:21.3.0-xe 9f74e2d37bf49b01785338495e02d79c55c92e4ddd409eddcf45e754fd9044d9
記錄 ORACLE_PWD 值,稍後將以使用者系統和 sys 身分連線至資料庫。
安裝範例結構定義
使用標準 HR 範例結構定義,在已安裝的資料庫中建立範例資料集。
在同一個 SSH 工作階段中:
git clone https://github.com/oracle-samples/db-sample-schemas.git
curl -O https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/java/sqldeveloper/sqlcl-latest.zip
sudo apt-get install -y unzip openjdk-17-jdk
unzip sqlcl-latest.zip
echo 'export PATH=$HOME/sqlcl/bin:$PATH' >>.bashrc
exec $SHELL
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@ora-xe-01:~$ git clone https://github.com/oracle-samples/db-sample-schemas.git curl -O https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/java/sqldeveloper/sqlcl-latest.zip sudo apt-get install -y unzip openjdk-17-jdk unzip sqlcl-latest.zip echo 'export PATH=$HOME/sqlcl/bin:$PATH' >>.bashrc exec $SHELL Cloning into 'db-sample-schemas'... remote: Enumerating objects: 624, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (104/104), done. ... inflating: sqlcl/lib/sshd-contrib.jar inflating: sqlcl/lib/sshd-putty.jar inflating: sqlcl/lib/dbtools-sqlcl-distribution.jar student@ora-xe-01:~$
在同一個 SSH 工作階段中:
ORACLE_PWD=<your noted password from the previous step>
cd db-sample-schemas/human_resources/
sql system/$ORACLE_PWD@localhost/XEPDB1 @hr_install.sql
輸入 HR 結構定義的密碼 (任何高強度密碼皆可),並接受提示中建議的預設表空間。
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@ora-xe-01:~$ ORACLE_PWD=e36e191b6c298ce6e02a614c
student@ora-xe-01:~$ cd db-sample-schemas/human_resources/
sql system/$ORACLE_PWD@localhost/XEPDB1 @hr_install.sql
SQLcl: Release 23.3 Production on Wed Jan 03 14:38:14 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Wed Jan 03 2024 14:38:17 +00:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0
Thank you for installing the Oracle Human Resources Sample Schema.
This installation script will automatically exit your database session
at the end of the installation or if any error is encountered.
The entire installation will be logged into the 'hr_install.log' log file.
Enter a password for the user HR: ************************
Enter a tablespace for HR [USERS]:
Do you want to overwrite the schema, if it already exists? [YES|no]:
****** Creating REGIONS table ....
Table REGIONS created.
...
Table provided actual
______________ ___________ _________
regions 5 5
countries 25 25
departments 27 27
locations 23 23
employees 107 107
jobs 19 19
job_history 10 10
Thank you!
___________________________________________________________
The installation of the sample schema is now finished.
Please check the installation verification output above.
You will now be disconnected from the database.
Thank you for using Oracle Database!
Disconnected from Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0
為 Oracle FDW 建立使用者
為簡化作業,我們將建立 POSTGRES 使用者,與預設的 PostgreSQL 使用者相同。
以 SYS 使用者身分連線至 Oracle 資料庫:
sql sys/$ORACLE_PWD@localhost/XEPDB1 as sysdba
以 SYS 使用者身分執行 SQL 工作階段 (將 POSTGRES_ORA_PWD 替換為使用者密碼):
create user postgres identified by POSTGRES_ORA_PWD;
並授予使用者必要權限:
grant connect, select any table to postgres;
grant select on v_$SQL_PLAN to postgres;
grant select on v_$SQL to postgres;
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@ora-xe-01:~/db-sample-schemas/human_resources$ sql sys/$ORACLE_PWD@localhost/XEPDB1 as sysdba SQLcl: Release 23.3 Production on Wed Jan 03 14:42:37 2024 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 21.3.0.0.0 SQL> create user postgres identified by VeryStrongPassword0011##; User POSTGRES created. SQL> grant connect, select any table to postgres; Grant succeeded. SQL> grant select on v_$SQL_PLAN to postgres; Grant succeeded. SQL> grant select on v_$SQL to postgres; Grant succeeded. SQL>
7. 在虛擬私有雲之間建立 VPN
部署在各個 VPC 中的資源只能看到該特定網路的內部 IP 位址,無法連線至其他 VPC 中的任何內部資源。Google Cloud VPN 會在兩個 VPC 之間建立橋樑,讓搭載 Oracle 資料庫的 VM 連線至 AlloyDB 執行個體,並允許 AlloyDB 執行個體連線至該 VM。VPN 連線包含多個元件,例如 Cloud Router、閘道、VPN 通道和 BGP 工作階段。我們將逐步建立及設定所有元件,在兩個 VPC 之間建立高可用性 VPN。如要進一步瞭解 Google Cloud VPN,請參閱說明文件。
建立路由器和閘道
在兩個虛擬私有雲中建立 Cloud Router 和 VPN 閘道。
在 Cloud Shell 或裝有 Cloud SDK 的終端機中執行:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-central1
gcloud compute routers create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=default --asn=64520 --advertisement-mode=custom --set-advertisement-groups=all_subnets
gcloud compute routers create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --asn=64521 --advertisement-mode=custom --set-advertisement-groups=all_subnets
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) REGION=us-central1 gcloud compute routers create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=default --asn=64520 --advertisement-mode=custom --set-advertisement-groups=all_subnets gcloud compute routers create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --asn=64521 --advertisement-mode=custom --set-advertisement-groups=all_subnets Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-18870] Creating router [test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-01-router REGION: us-central1 NETWORK: default Creating router [test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-router REGION: us-central1 NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02
在兩個 VPC 中建立 VPN 閘道:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute vpn-gateways create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=default
gcloud compute vpn-gateways create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute vpn-gateways create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=default gcloud compute vpn-gateways create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --network=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 Creating VPN Gateway...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-gtw INTERFACE0: 35.242.106.28 INTERFACE1: 35.220.86.122 INTERFACE0_IPV6: INTERFACE1_IPV6: NETWORK: default REGION: us-central1 Creating VPN Gateway...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-gtw INTERFACE0: 35.242.116.197 INTERFACE1: 35.220.68.53 INTERFACE0_IPV6: INTERFACE1_IPV6: NETWORK: test-project-402417-vpc-02 REGION: us-central1 student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$
建立 VPN 通道
我們將為每個虛擬私有雲建立一對 VPN 通道,以設定高可用性。
在 Cloud Shell 或 SDK 終端機中執行:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
SHARED_SECRET=`openssl rand -base64 24`
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=0
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=1
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=0
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=1
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ SHARED_SECRET=`openssl rand -base64 24` gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=0 gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=1 gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=0 gcloud compute vpn-tunnels create $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --shared-secret=$SHARED_SECRET --peer-gcp-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --ike-version=2 --router=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --vpn-gateway=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --project=$PROJECT_ID --region=$REGION --interface=1 Creating VPN tunnel...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 REGION: us-central1 GATEWAY: test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-gtw VPN_INTERFACE: 0 PEER_ADDRESS: 35.242.116.197 Creating VPN tunnel...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 REGION: us-central1 GATEWAY: test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-gtw VPN_INTERFACE: 1 PEER_ADDRESS: 35.220.68.53 Creating VPN tunnel...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 REGION: us-central1 GATEWAY: test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-gtw VPN_INTERFACE: 0 PEER_ADDRESS: 35.242.106.28 Creating VPN tunnel...done. NAME: test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 REGION: us-central1 GATEWAY: test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-gtw VPN_INTERFACE: 1 PEER_ADDRESS: 35.220.86.122
建立 BGP 工作階段
邊界閘道通訊協定 (BGP) 工作階段可透過交換 VPC 之間可用路徑的資訊,啟用動態轉送。
在第一個 (預設) 網路上建立第一組 BGP 對等互連。對等互連的 IP 位址會用於第二個 VPC 中建立的 BGP。
在 Cloud Shell 或 SDK 終端機中執行:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --peer-asn=64521 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --peer-asn=64521 --region=$REGION
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --peer-asn=64521 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --peer-asn=64521 --region=$REGION Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]. Creating peer [test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp] in router [test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]...done. Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]. Creating peer [test-project-402417-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp] in router [test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]...done. student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$
在第二個 VPC 中新增 BGP:
REGION=us-central1
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router-bgp-if-0 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[0].peerIpAddress)" --region=$REGION) --mask-length=30 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --peer-ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[0].ipAddress)" --region=$REGION) --peer-asn=64520 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router-bgp-if-1 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[1].peerIpAddress)" --region=$REGION) --mask-length=30 --region=$REGION
gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --peer-ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[1].ipAddress)" --region=$REGION) --peer-asn=64520 --region=$REGION
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ REGION=us-central1 PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router-bgp-if-0 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[0].peerIpAddress)" --region=$REGION) --mask-length=30 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-0 --peer-ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[0].ipAddress)" --region=$REGION) --peer-asn=64520 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-interface $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --interface-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router-bgp-if-1 --vpn-tunnel=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[1].peerIpAddress)" --region=$REGION) --mask-length=30 --region=$REGION gcloud compute routers add-bgp-peer $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --peer-name=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp --interface=$PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router-bgp-if-1 --peer-ip-address=$(gcloud compute routers describe $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --format="value(bgpPeers[1].ipAddress)" --region=$REGION) --peer-asn=64520 --region=$REGION Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-18870] Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]. Creating peer [test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01-bgp] in router [test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]...done. Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]. Creating peer [test-project-402417-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02-bgp] in router [test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]...done.
將自訂路徑新增至 BGP
現在我們需要向 BGP 通告服務的私人 IP 範圍
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute routers update $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --add-advertisement-ranges=$(gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name:psa-range AND network:default" --format="value(address_range())") --region=$REGION
gcloud compute networks peerings update servicenetworking-googleapis-com --network=default --import-custom-routes --export-custom-routes
預期的控制台輸出內容 (已刪除):
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) gcloud compute routers update $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --add-advertisement-ranges=$(gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name:psa-range AND network:default" --format="value(address_range())") --region=$REGION gcloud compute networks peerings update servicenetworking-googleapis-com --network=default --import-custom-routes --export-custom-routes ...
8. 在 AlloyDB 中設定 Oracle FDW
現在可以建立測試資料庫,並設定 Oracle FDW 擴充功能。我們將使用在第二個步驟中建立的 instance-1 VM,以及 AlloyDB 叢集的密碼。
建立資料庫
連線至 instance-1 GCE VM:
ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute ssh instance-1 --zone=$ZONE
在 SSH 工作階段中執行下列指令:
export PGPASSWORD=<Noted password>
REGION=us-central1
ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01
INSTANCE_IP=$(gcloud alloydb instances describe $ADBCLUSTER-pr --cluster=$ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --format="value(ipAddress)")
psql "host=$INSTANCE_IP user=postgres" -c "CREATE DATABASE quickstart_db"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ export PGPASSWORD=6dd7fKHnMId8RM97 student@instance-1:~$ REGION=us-central1 ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01 INSTANCE_IP=$(gcloud alloydb instances describe $ADBCLUSTER-pr --cluster=$ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --format="value(ipAddress)") psql "host=$INSTANCE_IP user=postgres" -c "CREATE DATABASE quickstart_db" CREATE DATABASE student@instance-1:~$
設定 Oracle FDW 擴充功能
在新建立的資料庫中啟用 Oracle FDW 擴充功能。
在同一個 SSH 工作階段中執行下列指令:
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "create extension if not exists oracle_fdw cascade"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ psql "host=$INSTANCE_IP user=postgres dbname=quickstart_db" -c "create extension if not exists oracle_fdw cascade" CREATE EXTENSION student@instance-1:~$
設定 Oracle FDW
我們會在同一個 SSH 工作階段中繼續作業,設定 Oracle FDW,以便在 Oracle 資料庫中使用 HR 範例結構定義。
使用第二個 VPC 中 Oracle XE VM 的內部 IP 位址,建立 FDW 伺服器設定。
在執行個體 1 的同一個 SSH 工作階段中,執行下列指令:
ORACLE_SERVER_IP=$(gcloud compute instances list --filter="name=(ora-xe-01)" --format="value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)")
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "create server ora_xe foreign data wrapper oracle_fdw options (dbserver '$ORACLE_SERVER_IP:1521/xepdb1')"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ ORACLE_SERVER_IP=$(gcloud compute instances list --filter="name=(ora-xe-01)" --format="value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)") psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "create server ora_xe foreign data wrapper oracle_fdw options (dbserver '$ORACLE_SERVER_IP:1521/xepdb1')" CREATE SERVER
將所建立伺服器的使用權授予 postgres 使用者。
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "grant usage on foreign server ora_xe to postgres"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "grant usage on foreign server ora_xe to postgres" GRANT
使用我們在 Oracle 資料庫中為使用者設定的密碼,在 PostgreSQL 中的使用者與 Oracle 資料庫使用者之間建立對應關係。使用先前建立的 Oracle 使用者 POSTGRES 密碼 (POSTGRES_ORA_PWD)。
POSTGRES_ORA_PWD=<your password for the oracle user postgres>
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR postgres SERVER ora_xe OPTIONS ( USER 'postgres', PASSWORD '$POSTGRES_ORA_PWD')"
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ POSTGRES_ORA_PWD=VeryStrongPassword0011## student@instance-1:~$ psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR postgres SERVER ora_xe OPTIONS ( USER 'postgres', PASSWORD '$POSTGRES_ORA_PWD')" CREATE USER MAPPING
9. 搭配使用 Oracle FDW 與 HR 結構定義
現在,我們可以搭配使用 Oracle FDW 和 Oracle 資料庫中的資料。
匯入 Oracle HR 結構定義
我們將繼續使用 psql,在 Postgres 用戶端 VM 上操作 AlloyDB。
在 VM SSH 工作階段中執行下列指令:
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "create schema ora_exe_hr";
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "import foreign schema \"HR\" from server ora_xe into ora_exe_hr";
預期輸出內容 (已遮蓋):
student@instance-1:~$ psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "create schema ora_exe_hr"; psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db -c "import foreign schema \"HR\" from server ora_xe into ora_exe_hr"; CREATE SCHEMA IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA student@instance-1:~$
測試 Oracle FDW
我們來執行範例 SQL 陳述式。
連線至資料庫。在 VM SSH 工作階段中執行下列指令:
psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db
在 PSQL 工作階段中執行 select 陳述式。
select * from ora_exe_hr.countries limit 5;
預期輸出內容:
student@instance-1:~$ psql -h $INSTANCE_IP -U postgres -d quickstart_db
psql (13.13 (Debian 13.13-0+deb11u1), server 14.7)
WARNING: psql major version 13, server major version 14.
Some psql features might not work.
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.3, cipher: TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.
quickstart_db=> select * from ora_exe_hr.countries limit 5;
country_id | country_name | region_id
------------+--------------+-----------
AR | Argentina | 20
AU | Australia | 40
BE | Belgium | 10
BR | Brazil | 20
CA | Canada | 20
(5 rows)
quickstart_db=>
系統會傳回結果,表示設定正確無誤。
您可以試試其他資料表。
10. 清除環境
現在所有工作都已完成,我們可以清除環境並銷毀元件,避免產生不必要的帳單費用。
完成實驗室後,請銷毀 AlloyDB 執行個體和叢集
刪除 AlloyDB 叢集和所有執行個體
使用 force 選項終止叢集,這也會刪除叢集中的所有執行個體。
如果連線中斷,且所有先前的設定都遺失,請在 Cloud Shell 中定義專案和環境變數:
gcloud config set project <your project id>
export REGION=us-central1
export ADBCLUSTER=alloydb-aip-01
export PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
刪除叢集:
gcloud alloydb clusters delete $ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --force
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-001-402417)$ gcloud alloydb clusters delete $ADBCLUSTER --region=$REGION --force All of the cluster data will be lost when the cluster is deleted. Do you want to continue (Y/n)? Y Operation ID: operation-1697820178429-6082890a0b570-4a72f7e4-4c5df36f Deleting cluster...done.
刪除 AlloyDB 備份
刪除叢集的所有 AlloyDB 備份:
for i in $(gcloud alloydb backups list --filter="CLUSTER_NAME: projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/$REGION/clusters/$ADBCLUSTER" --format="value(name)" --sort-by=~createTime) ; do gcloud alloydb backups delete $(basename $i) --region $REGION --quiet; done
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-001-402417)$ for i in $(gcloud alloydb backups list --filter="CLUSTER_NAME: projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/$REGION/clusters/$ADBCLUSTER" --format="value(name)" --sort-by=~createTime) ; do gcloud alloydb backups delete $(basename $i) --region $REGION --quiet; done Operation ID: operation-1697826266108-60829fb7b5258-7f99dc0b-99f3c35f Deleting backup...done.
現在可以刪除 VM 了
刪除 GCE VM
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
export GCEVM=instance-1
export ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute instances delete $GCEVM \
--zone=$ZONE \
--quiet
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-001-402417)$ export GCEVM=instance-1
export ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute instances delete $GCEVM \
--zone=$ZONE \
--quiet
Deleted
刪除搭載 Oracle XE 的 VM
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
SERVER_NAME=ora-xe-01
ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute instances delete $SERVER_NAME \
--zone=$ZONE \
--quiet
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ SERVER_NAME=ora-xe-01
ZONE=us-central1-a
gcloud compute instances delete $SERVER_NAME \
--zone=$ZONE \
--quiet
Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/zones/us-central1-a/instances/ora-xe-01].
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$
刪除 VPN
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
REGION=us-central1
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute routers delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute routers delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute vpn-gateways delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute vpn-gateways delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --region=$REGION --quiet
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ REGION=us-central1 PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-01 --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute vpn-tunnels delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-tunnel-02 --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute routers delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-router --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute routers delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-router --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute vpn-gateways delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-01-vpn-gtw --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute vpn-gateways delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-vpn-gtw --region=$REGION --quiet Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-18870] Deleting VPN tunnel...done. Deleting VPN tunnel...done. Deleting VPN tunnel...done. Deleting VPN tunnel...done. Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-02-router]. Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/regions/us-central1/routers/test-project-402417-vpc-01-router]. Deleting VPN Gateway...done. Deleting VPN Gateway...done. student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$
刪除第二個虛擬私有雲
在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令:
REGION=us-central1
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-icmp --quiet
gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-ssh --quiet
gcloud compute firewall-rules delete default-allow-postgres --quiet
gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-oracle --quiet
gcloud compute networks subnets delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION --region=$REGION --quiet
gcloud compute networks delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --quiet
預期的控制台輸出內容:
student@cloudshell:~ (test-project-402417)$ gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-icmp --quiet gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-ssh --quiet gcloud compute firewall-rules delete default-allow-postgres --quiet gcloud compute firewall-rules delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-allow-oracle --quiet gcloud compute networks subnets delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute networks delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --quiet Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-icmp]. Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-ssh]. Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/default-allow-postgres]. Deleted [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/test-project-402417/global/firewalls/test-project-402417-vpc-02-allow-oracle]. gcloud compute networks subnets delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02-$REGION --region=$REGION --quiet gcloud compute networks delete $PROJECT_ID-vpc-02 --quiet
11. 恭喜
恭喜您完成本程式碼研究室。
涵蓋內容
- 如何部署 AlloyDB 叢集
- 如何連線至 AlloyDB
- 如何設定及部署 Oracle 資料庫範例
- 如何在兩個虛擬私有雲網路之間設定 VPN
- 如何設定 Oracle FDW 擴充功能
12. 問卷調查
輸出內容: