Flutter 中的自适应应用

1. 简介

Flutter 是 Google 的界面工具包,用于通过单一代码库针对移动设备、Web 和桌面设备构建经过原生编译的精美应用。在此 Codelab 中,您将学习如何构建能够适应运行平台的 Flutter 应用,无论是 Android、iOS、Web、Windows、macOS 还是 Linux 平台。

学习内容

  • 如何将针对移动设备设计的 Flutter 应用扩展为可在 Flutter 支持的所有六个平台上运行。
  • 用于检测平台的不同 Flutter API,以及何时使用每个 API。
  • 适应在 Web 上运行应用的限制和期望。
  • 如何同时使用不同的软件包来支持 Flutter 的所有平台。

您将构建的内容

在此 Codelab 中,您将首先构建一个适用于 Android 和 iOS 的 Flutter 应用,用于探索 Flutter 的 YouTube 播放列表。然后,您将根据应用窗口的大小修改信息的显示方式,从而使该应用适用于三种桌面设备平台(Windows、macOS 和 Linux)。然后,您将按照 Web 用户的期望,通过使应用中显示的文本可选择,来针对 Web 调整该应用。最后,您将向该应用添加身份验证机制,以便探索您自己的播放列表,而不是 Flutter 团队创建的播放列表,后者需要使用不同的方法来针对 Android、iOS、Web 以及三种桌面设备平台(Windows、macOS 和 Linux)进行身份验证。

这是该 Flutter 应用在 Android 和 iOS 上的屏幕截图:

这是该应用在 macOS 上以宽屏布局运行时的屏幕截图:

b424266e6fd4b3c3.png

此 Codelab 的重点是将 Flutter 移动应用转换为可在所有六个 Flutter 平台上运行的自适应应用。对于不相关的概念,我们仅会略作介绍,但是会提供相应代码块供您复制和粘贴。

您想通过此 Codelab 学习哪些内容?

我不熟悉这个主题,想好好了解一下。 我对这个主题有所了解,但想复习并深入了解一下。 我在寻找示例代码以用到我的项目中。 我在寻找有关特定内容的说明。

2. 设置您的 Flutter 开发环境

您需要使用两款软件才能完成此 Codelab:Flutter SDK一款编辑器

您可使用以下任一设备学习此 Codelab:

  • 一台连接到计算机并设置为开发者模式的实体 AndroidiOS 设备。
  • iOS 模拟器(需要安装 Xcode 工具)。
  • Android 模拟器(需要在 Android Studio 中设置)。
  • 浏览器(需要使用 Chrome,以便进行调试)。
  • 对于 WindowsLinuxmacOS 桌面应用,您必须在打算部署到的平台上进行开发。因此,如果您要开发 Windows 桌面应用,则必须在 Windows 上进行开发,才能使用相应的构建链。如需详细了解针对各种操作系统的具体要求,请访问 docs.flutter.dev/desktop

3. 开始

确认您的开发环境

要确保一切都已做好开发准备,最简单的方法是运行以下命令:

$ flutter doctor

如果显示的任何内容没有选中标记,请运行以下命令,获取关于错误的更多详细信息:

$ flutter doctor -v

您可能需要安装用于移动应用开发或桌面应用开发的开发者工具。如需关于根据主机操作系统配置工具的更多详细信息,请参阅 Flutter 安装文档中的文档。

创建一个 Flutter 项目

若要开始编写桌面版 Flutter 应用,一种简单的方法是使用 Flutter 命令行工具创建一个 Flutter 项目。再者,您的 IDE 可能会提供一个通过其界面创建 Flutter 项目的工作流程。

$ flutter create adaptive_app
Creating project adaptive_app
[Eliding listing of created files]
Running "flutter pub get" in adaptive_app...                     2,445ms
Wrote 128 files.

All done!
In order to run your application, type:

  $ cd adaptive_app
  $ flutter run

Your application code is in adaptive_app/lib/main.dart.

为确保一切正常运行,请将样板 Flutter 应用作为移动应用运行,如下所示。或者,在您的 IDE 中打开此项目,并使用它所集成的工具运行该应用。得益于上一步的操作,作为桌面应用运行应该是唯一可用的选项。

$ flutter run
Launching lib/main.dart on iPhone 12 in debug mode...
Running Xcode build...
 └─Compiling, linking and signing...                        15.9s
Xcode build done.                                           41.2s
Syncing files to device iPhone 12...                               213ms

Flutter run key commands.
r Hot reload. 🔥🔥🔥
R Hot restart.
h List all available interactive commands.
d Detach (terminate "flutter run" but leave application running).
c Clear the screen
q Quit (terminate the application on the device).

💪 Running with sound null safety 💪

An Observatory debugger and profiler on iPhone 12 is available at: http://127.0.0.1:60071/t9hy0pnIWgE=/
Activating Dart DevTools...                                         3.3s
The Flutter DevTools debugger and profiler on iPhone 12 is available at:
http://127.0.0.1:9101?uri=http://127.0.0.1:60071/t9hy0pnIWgE=/

现在,您应该看到该应用正在运行。按如下所示修改 lib/main.dart 中的内容,并进行热重载以更新内容。如何执行热重载取决于您是通过命令行(在控制台窗口中输入“r”)还是通过编辑器(在这种情况下,通常可能只需保存文件,便可触发热重载)运行应用。

lib/main.dart

import 'dart:io' show Platform;
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show kIsWeb;
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: const ResizeablePage(),
    );
  }
}

class ResizeablePage extends StatelessWidget {
  const ResizeablePage({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final mediaQuery = MediaQuery.of(context);
    final themePlatform = Theme.of(context).platform;

    return Scaffold(
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              'Window properties',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline5,
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 8),
            SizedBox(
              width: 350,
              child: Table(
                textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic,
                children: <TableRow>[
                  _fillTableRow(
                    context: context,
                    property: 'Window Size',
                    value: '${mediaQuery.size.width.toStringAsFixed(1)} x '
                        '${mediaQuery.size.height.toStringAsFixed(1)}',
                  ),
                  _fillTableRow(
                    context: context,
                    property: 'Device Pixel Ratio',
                    value: mediaQuery.devicePixelRatio.toStringAsFixed(2),
                  ),
                  _fillTableRow(
                    context: context,
                    property: 'Platform.isXXX',
                    value: platformDescription(),
                  ),
                  _fillTableRow(
                    context: context,
                    property: 'Theme.of(ctx).platform',
                    value: themePlatform.toString(),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  TableRow _fillTableRow(
      {required BuildContext context,
      required String property,
      required String value}) {
    return TableRow(
      children: [
        TableCell(
          verticalAlignment: TableCellVerticalAlignment.baseline,
          child: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
            child: Text(property),
          ),
        ),
        TableCell(
          verticalAlignment: TableCellVerticalAlignment.baseline,
          child: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
            child: Text(value),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }

  String platformDescription() {
    if (kIsWeb) {
      return 'Web';
    } else if (Platform.isAndroid) {
      return 'Android';
    } else if (Platform.isIOS) {
      return 'iOS';
    } else if (Platform.isWindows) {
      return 'Windows';
    } else if (Platform.isMacOS) {
      return 'macOS';
    } else if (Platform.isLinux) {
      return 'Linux';
    } else if (Platform.isFuchsia) {
      return 'Fuchsia';
    } else {
      return 'Unknown';
    }
  }
}

上面的应用旨在让您了解如何检测和适应不同的平台。以下是以原生方式在 Android 和 iOS 上运行的应用:

以下是以原生方式在 macOS 上和在 Chrome 内部(同样是在 macOS 上运行)运行的相同代码。

这里要注意的非常重要的一点是,我们一看便知 Flutter 正在尽其所能使内容适应其使用的显示屏。截取这些屏幕截图时使用的笔记本电脑具有高分辨率 Mac 显示屏,因此该应用的 macOS 版和 Web 版都以设备像素比 2 呈现。同时,在 iPhone 12 上,设备像素比为 3,在 Pixel 2 上则为 2.63。在所有情况下,显示的文本都大致相似,这大幅简化了开发者的工作。

要注意的第二点是,用于检查代码在哪个平台上运行的两个选项会产生不同的值。第一个选项用于检查从 dart:io 导入的 Platform 对象,而第二个选项(仅在 widget 的 build 方法内可用)用于从 BuildContext 参数检索 Theme 对象。

这两种方法返回不同结果的原因是它们的意图不同。从 dart:io 导入的 Platform 对象旨在用于做出独立于渲染选择的决策。一个典型的例子是决定使用哪些插件,这些插件可能具有也可能不具有针对特定物理平台的匹配原生实现。

BuildContext 中提取 Theme 旨在做出以 Theme 为中心的实现决策。如 Slider.adaptive 中所述,这方面的一个典型例子是决定是使用 Material 滑块还是 Cupertino 滑块。

在下一部分,您将构建一个基本的 YouTube 播放列表浏览器应用,该应用仅针对 Android 和 iOS 进行了优化。在以下部分中,您将进行各种调整,以使该应用在桌面设备和 Web 上更好地运行。

4. 构建移动应用

添加软件包

在该应用中,您将使用各种 Flutter 软件包,来获取对 YouTube Data API、状态管理和一些主题的访问权限。

$ flutter pub add googleapis
Resolving dependencies...
+ _discoveryapis_commons 1.0.3
  async 2.8.2 (2.9.0 available)
  characters 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  clock 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  fake_async 1.3.0 (1.3.1 available)
+ googleapis 9.1.0
+ http 0.13.4
+ http_parser 4.0.1
  matcher 0.12.11 (0.12.12 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.4 (0.1.5 available)
  meta 1.7.0 (1.8.0 available)
  path 1.8.1 (1.8.2 available)
  source_span 1.8.2 (1.9.0 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  term_glyph 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  test_api 0.4.9 (0.4.12 available)
+ typed_data 1.3.1
Changed 5 dependencies!

第一个软件包 googleapis 是一个生成的 Dart 库,用于访问 Google API

$ flutter pub add http
Resolving dependencies...
  async 2.8.2 (2.9.0 available)
  characters 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  clock 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  fake_async 1.3.0 (1.3.1 available)
  matcher 0.12.11 (0.12.12 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.4 (0.1.5 available)
  meta 1.7.0 (1.8.0 available)
  path 1.8.1 (1.8.2 available)
  source_span 1.8.2 (1.9.0 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  term_glyph 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  test_api 0.4.9 (0.4.12 available)
Got dependencies!

http 软件包将有助于构建使用 API 密钥访问 YouTube Data API 的功能。

$ flutter pub add provider
Resolving dependencies...
  async 2.8.2 (2.9.0 available)
  characters 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  clock 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  fake_async 1.3.0 (1.3.1 available)
  matcher 0.12.11 (0.12.12 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.4 (0.1.5 available)
  meta 1.7.0 (1.8.0 available)
+ nested 1.0.0
  path 1.8.1 (1.8.2 available)
+ provider 6.0.3
  source_span 1.8.2 (1.9.0 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  term_glyph 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  test_api 0.4.9 (0.4.12 available)
Changed 2 dependencies!

对于状态管理,请使用 provider

$ flutter pub add url_launcher
Resolving dependencies...
  async 2.8.2 (2.9.0 available)
  characters 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  clock 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  fake_async 1.3.0 (1.3.1 available)
+ flutter_web_plugins 0.0.0 from sdk flutter
+ js 0.6.4
  matcher 0.12.11 (0.12.12 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.4 (0.1.5 available)
  meta 1.7.0 (1.8.0 available)
  path 1.8.1 (1.8.2 available)
+ plugin_platform_interface 2.1.2
  source_span 1.8.2 (1.9.0 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  term_glyph 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  test_api 0.4.9 (0.4.12 available)
+ url_launcher 6.1.4
+ url_launcher_android 6.0.17
+ url_launcher_ios 6.0.17
+ url_launcher_linux 3.0.1
+ url_launcher_macos 3.0.1
+ url_launcher_platform_interface 2.1.0
+ url_launcher_web 2.0.12
+ url_launcher_windows 3.0.1
Changed 11 dependencies!

使用 url_launcher 作为一种从播放列表跳转到视频的方式。从已解析的依赖项可以看出,url_launcher 不仅具有适用于默认 Android 和 iOS 的实现,还有适用于 Windows、macOS、Linux 和 Web 的实现。这是一项您不需要为其创建平台特定代码的功能。

$ flutter pub add flex_color_scheme
Resolving dependencies...
  async 2.8.2 (2.9.0 available)
  characters 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  clock 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  fake_async 1.3.0 (1.3.1 available)
+ flex_color_scheme 5.1.0
  matcher 0.12.11 (0.12.12 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.4 (0.1.5 available)
  meta 1.7.0 (1.8.0 available)
  path 1.8.1 (1.8.2 available)
  source_span 1.8.2 (1.9.0 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.0 (1.1.1 available)
  term_glyph 1.2.0 (1.2.1 available)
  test_api 0.4.9 (0.4.12 available)
Changed 1 dependency!m

这个软件包纯粹是为了给应用提供一个不错的默认配色方案。请参阅 flex_color_scheme 文档,了解全部功能。

$ flutter pub add go_router
Resolving dependencies...
  async 2.9.0 (2.10.0 available)
  boolean_selector 2.1.0 (2.1.1 available)
  collection 1.16.0 (1.17.0 available)
+ flutter_web_plugins 0.0.0 from sdk flutter
+ go_router 5.2.0
+ js 0.6.4 (0.6.5 available)
+ logging 1.1.0
  matcher 0.12.12 (0.12.13 available)
  material_color_utilities 0.1.5 (0.2.0 available)
  source_span 1.9.0 (1.9.1 available)
  stack_trace 1.10.0 (1.11.0 available)
  stream_channel 2.1.0 (2.1.1 available)
  string_scanner 1.1.1 (1.2.0 available)
  test_api 0.4.12 (0.4.16 available)
  vector_math 2.1.2 (2.1.4 available)
Changed 4 dependencies!

若要实现不同屏幕之间的导航,请将 go_router 添加到项目中。

这个软件包提供了一个方便、基于网址的 API,用于使用 Flutter 的路由器进行导航。

针对 url_launcher 配置移动应用

url_launcher 插件需要配置 Android 和 iOS runner 应用。在 iOS Flutter runner 中,将以下行添加到 plist 字典。

ios/Runner/Info.plist

<key>LSApplicationQueriesSchemes</key>
<array>
        <string>https</string>
        <string>http</string>
        <string>tel</string>
        <string>mailto</string>
</array>

在 Android Flutter runner 中,将以下行添加到 Manifest.xml。将此 queries 节点添加为 manifest 节点的直接子节点和 application 节点的对等节点。

android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

<queries>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
        <data android:scheme="https" />
    </intent>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.DIAL" />
        <data android:scheme="tel" />
    </intent>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND" />
        <data android:mimeType="*/*" />
    </intent>
</queries>

如需关于这些必需配置更改的更多详细信息,请参阅 url_launcher 文档。

访问 YouTube Data API

若要访问 YouTube Data API 以列出播放列表,您需要创建一个 API 项目,以便生成所需的 API 密钥。以下步骤假定您已经拥有一个 Google 帐号,如果您还没有该帐号,请创建一个。

转到 Play 管理中心创建一个 API 项目

7fe39926b91104c3.png

创建好项目后,转到 API 库页面。在搜索框中,输入“youtube”,然后选择 youtube data api v3。

26ac7d6164430ece.png

在 YouTube Data API v3 详情页面中,启用该 API。

5a877ea82b83ae42.png

启用该 API 后,转到凭据页面,然后创建 API 密钥。

a75ba6e17bef352.png

几秒钟后,您应该会看到一个对话框,其中包含全新的 API 密钥。您很快就会用到这个密钥。

d808e4a25d448ecc.png

添加代码

对于此步骤的其余部分,您将剪切并粘贴大量代码来构建移动应用,而无需对代码进行任何注释。此 Codelab 旨在调整该移动应用,使其适应桌面设备和 Web。如需关于构建适用于移动设备的 Flutter 应用的更详细说明,请参阅编写您的第一个 Flutter 应用,第 1 部分第 2 部分使用 Flutter 构建精美的界面

添加以下文件,首先是应用的状态对象。

lib/src/app_state.dart

import 'dart:collection';

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

class FlutterDevPlaylists extends ChangeNotifier {
  FlutterDevPlaylists({
    required String flutterDevAccountId,
    required String youTubeApiKey,
  }) : _flutterDevAccountId = flutterDevAccountId {
    _api = YouTubeApi(
      _ApiKeyClient(
        client: http.Client(),
        key: youTubeApiKey,
      ),
    );
    _loadPlaylists();
  }

  Future<void> _loadPlaylists() async {
    String? nextPageToken;
    _playlists.clear();

    do {
      final response = await _api.playlists.list(
        ['snippet', 'contentDetails', 'id'],
        channelId: _flutterDevAccountId,
        maxResults: 50,
        pageToken: nextPageToken,
      );
      _playlists.addAll(response.items!);
      _playlists.sort((a, b) => a.snippet!.title!
          .toLowerCase()
          .compareTo(b.snippet!.title!.toLowerCase()));
      notifyListeners();
    } while (nextPageToken != null);
  }

  final String _flutterDevAccountId;
  late final YouTubeApi _api;

  final List<Playlist> _playlists = [];
  List<Playlist> get playlists => UnmodifiableListView(_playlists);

  final Map<String, List<PlaylistItem>> _playlistItems = {};
  List<PlaylistItem> playlistItems({required String playlistId}) {
    if (!_playlistItems.containsKey(playlistId)) {
      _playlistItems[playlistId] = [];
      _retrievePlaylist(playlistId);
    }
    return UnmodifiableListView(_playlistItems[playlistId]!);
  }

  Future<void> _retrievePlaylist(String playlistId) async {
    String? nextPageToken;
    do {
      var response = await _api.playlistItems.list(
        ['snippet', 'contentDetails'],
        playlistId: playlistId,
        maxResults: 25,
        pageToken: nextPageToken,
      );
      var items = response.items;
      if (items != null) {
        _playlistItems[playlistId]!.addAll(items);
      }
      notifyListeners();
      nextPageToken = response.nextPageToken;
    } while (nextPageToken != null);
  }
}

class _ApiKeyClient extends http.BaseClient {
  _ApiKeyClient({required this.key, required this.client});

  final String key;
  final http.Client client;

  @override
  Future<http.StreamedResponse> send(http.BaseRequest request) {
    final url = request.url.replace(queryParameters: <String, List<String>>{
      ...request.url.queryParametersAll,
      'key': [key]
    });

    return client.send(http.Request(request.method, url));
  }
}

接下来,添加个别播放列表的详情页面。

lib/src/playlist_details.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'package:url_launcher/link.dart';

import 'app_state.dart';

class PlaylistDetails extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistDetails(
      {required this.playlistId, required this.playlistName, super.key});
  final String playlistId;
  final String playlistName;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(playlistName),
      ),
      body: Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
        builder: (context, playlists, _) {
          final playlistItems = playlists.playlistItems(playlistId: playlistId);
          if (playlistItems.isEmpty) {
            return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
          }

          return _PlaylistDetailsListView(playlistItems: playlistItems);
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _PlaylistDetailsListView extends StatelessWidget {
  const _PlaylistDetailsListView({required this.playlistItems});
  final List<PlaylistItem> playlistItems;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      itemCount: playlistItems.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        final playlistItem = playlistItems[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ClipRRect(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
            child: Stack(
              alignment: Alignment.center,
              children: [
                if (playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high != null)
                  Image.network(playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high!.url!),
                _buildGradient(context),
                _buildTitleAndSubtitle(context, playlistItem),
                _buildPlayButton(context, playlistItem),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }

  Widget _buildGradient(BuildContext context) {
    return Positioned.fill(
      child: DecoratedBox(
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          gradient: LinearGradient(
            colors: [Colors.transparent, Theme.of(context).backgroundColor],
            begin: Alignment.topCenter,
            end: Alignment.bottomCenter,
            stops: const [0.5, 0.95],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTitleAndSubtitle(
      BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Positioned(
      left: 20,
      right: 0,
      bottom: 20,
      child: Column(
        mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          Text(
            playlistItem.snippet!.title!,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText1!.copyWith(
                  fontSize: 18,
                  // fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                ),
          ),
          if (playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle != null)
            Text(
              playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle!,
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText2!.copyWith(
                    fontSize: 12,
                  ),
            ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildPlayButton(BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Stack(
      alignment: AlignmentDirectional.center,
      children: [
        Container(
          width: 42,
          height: 42,
          decoration: const BoxDecoration(
            color: Colors.white,
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
              Radius.circular(21),
            ),
          ),
        ),
        Link(
          uri: Uri.parse(
              'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${playlistItem.snippet!.resourceId!.videoId}'),
          builder: (context, followLink) => IconButton(
            onPressed: followLink,
            color: Colors.red,
            icon: const Icon(Icons.play_circle_fill),
            iconSize: 45,
          ),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

接下来,添加播放列表清单。

lib/src/playlists.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'app_state.dart';

class Playlists extends StatelessWidget {
  const Playlists({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('FlutterDev Playlists'),
      ),
      body: Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
        builder: (context, flutterDev, child) {
          final playlists = flutterDev.playlists;
          if (playlists.isEmpty) {
            return const Center(
              child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
            );
          }

          return _PlaylistsListView(items: playlists);
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _PlaylistsListView extends StatelessWidget {
  const _PlaylistsListView({required this.items});

  final List<Playlist> items;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      itemCount: items.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        var playlist = items[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ListTile(
            leading: Image.network(
              playlist.snippet!.thumbnails!.default_!.url!,
            ),
            title: Text(playlist.snippet!.title!),
            subtitle: Text(
              playlist.snippet!.description!,
            ),
            onTap: () {
              context.go(
                Uri(
                  path: '/playlist/${playlist.id}',
                  queryParameters: <String, String>{
                    'title': playlist.snippet!.title!
                  },
                ).toString(),
              );
            },
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

按如下所示替换 main.dart 文件的内容:

lib/main.dart

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:flex_color_scheme/flex_color_scheme.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'src/app_state.dart';
import 'src/playlist_details.dart';
import 'src/playlists.dart';

// From https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwXdFgeE9KYzlDdR7TG9cMw
const flutterDevAccountId = 'UCwXdFgeE9KYzlDdR7TG9cMw';

// TODO: Replace with your YouTube API Key
const youTubeApiKey = 'AIzaNotAnApiKey';

final _router = GoRouter(
  routes: <RouteBase>[
    GoRoute(
      path: '/',
      builder: (context, state) {
        return const Playlists();
      },
      routes: <RouteBase>[
        GoRoute(
          path: 'playlist/:id',
          builder: (context, state) {
            final title = state.queryParams['title']!;
            final id = state.params['id']!;
            return PlaylistDetails(
              playlistId: id,
              playlistName: title,
            );
          },
        ),
      ],
    ),
  ],
);

void main() {
  if (youTubeApiKey == 'AIzaNotAnApiKey') {
    print('youTubeApiKey has not been configured.');
    exit(1);
  }

  runApp(ChangeNotifierProvider<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
    create: (context) => FlutterDevPlaylists(
      flutterDevAccountId: flutterDevAccountId,
      youTubeApiKey: youTubeApiKey,
    ),
    child: const PlaylistsApp(),
  ));
}

class PlaylistsApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistsApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp.router(
      title: 'FlutterDev Playlists',
      theme: FlexColorScheme.light(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      darkTheme: FlexColorScheme.dark(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      themeMode: ThemeMode.dark, // Or ThemeMode.System if you'd prefer
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      routerConfig: _router,
    );
  }
}

您几乎已准备好在 Android 和 iOS 上运行此代码。不过,还有一项内容需要更改,即使用上一步生成的 YouTube API 密钥修改第 14 行中的 youTubeApiKey 常量。

lib/main.dart

// TODO: Replace with your YouTube API Key
const youTubeApiKey = 'AIzaNotAnApiKey';

若要在 macOS 上运行该应用,您需要启用该应用以发出 HTTP 请求,如下所示。编辑 DebugProfile.entitlementsRelease.entitilements 文件,如下所示:

macos/Runner/DebugProfile.entitlements

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
        <dict>
                <key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
                <true/>
                <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-jit</key>
                <true/>
                <key>com.apple.security.network.server</key>
                <true/>
                <!-- add the following two lines -->
                <key>com.apple.security.network.client</key>
                <true/>
        </dict>
</plist>

macos/Runner/Release.entitlements

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
        <dict>
                <key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
                <true/>
                <!-- add the following two lines -->
                <key>com.apple.security.network.client</key>
                <true/>
        </dict>
</plist>

运行应用

现在,您已经有了一个完整的应用,应该能够在 Android 模拟器或 iPhone 模拟器上成功运行它。您将看到 Flutter 的播放列表清单,当您选择某个播放列表时,会看到该播放列表中的视频,如果您点击播放按钮,则会打开 YouTube 以观看相应视频。

不过,如果您尝试在桌面设备上运行该应用,则会看到,当扩展到普通桌面设备大小的窗口时,布局看起来不对。您将在下一步中了解进行调整以适应这种情况的方式。

5. 适应桌面设备

桌面设备问题

如果您在某个原生桌面设备平台(Windows、macOS 或 Linux)上运行该应用,会注意到一个有趣的问题。它能运行,但看起来有点奇怪。

若要解决此问题,一种方法是添加拆分视图,即在左侧列出播放列表,在右侧显示视频。不过,您只希望在代码不是在 Android 或 iOS 上运行且窗口足够宽时,才启动此布局。以下说明显示了如何实现此功能。

首先,添加 split_view 软件包,以帮助构建布局。

$ flutter pub add split_view
Resolving dependencies...
+ split_view 3.1.0
  test_api 0.4.3 (0.4.8 available)
Changed 1 dependency!

引入自适应 widget

在此 Codelab 中,您要使用的模式是引入自适应 widget,这些 widget 能够根据屏幕宽度、平台主题等属性做出实现选择。在这种情况下,您将引入一个 AdaptivePlaylists widget,以便重新处理 PlaylistsPlaylistDetails 的交互方式。按如下方式修改 lib/main.dart 文件:

lib/main.dart

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:flex_color_scheme/flex_color_scheme.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'src/adaptive_playlists.dart';
import 'src/app_state.dart';
import 'src/playlist_details.dart';

// From https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwXdFgeE9KYzlDdR7TG9cMw
const flutterDevAccountId = 'UCwXdFgeE9KYzlDdR7TG9cMw';

// TODO: Replace with your YouTube API Key
const youTubeApiKey = 'AIzaNotAnApiKey';

final _router = GoRouter(
  routes: <RouteBase>[
    GoRoute(
      path: '/',
      builder: (context, state) {
        return const AdaptivePlaylists();
      },
      routes: <RouteBase>[
        GoRoute(
          path: 'playlist/:id',
          builder: (context, state) {
            final title = state.queryParams['title']!;
            final id = state.params['id']!;
            return Scaffold(
              appBar: AppBar(title: Text(title)),
              body: PlaylistDetails(
                playlistId: id,
                playlistName: title,
              ),
            );
          },
        ),
      ],
    ),
  ],
);

void main() {
  if (youTubeApiKey == 'AIzaNotAnApiKey') {
    print('youTubeApiKey has not been configured.');
    exit(1);
  }

  runApp(ChangeNotifierProvider<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
    create: (context) => FlutterDevPlaylists(
      flutterDevAccountId: flutterDevAccountId,
      youTubeApiKey: youTubeApiKey,
    ),
    child: const PlaylistsApp(),
  ));
}

class PlaylistsApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistsApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp.router(
      title: 'FlutterDev Playlists',
      theme: FlexColorScheme.light(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      darkTheme: FlexColorScheme.dark(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      themeMode: ThemeMode.dark, // Or ThemeMode.System if you'd prefer
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      routerConfig: _router,
    );
  }
}

接下来,为 AdaptivePlaylist widget 创建文件:

lib/src/adaptive_playlists.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:split_view/split_view.dart';

import 'playlist_details.dart';
import 'playlists.dart';

class AdaptivePlaylists extends StatelessWidget {
  const AdaptivePlaylists({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final screenWidth = MediaQuery.of(context).size.width;
    final targetPlatform = Theme.of(context).platform;

    if (targetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android ||
        targetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS ||
        screenWidth <= 600) {
      return const NarrowDisplayPlaylists();
    } else {
      return const WideDisplayPlaylists();
    }
  }
}

class NarrowDisplayPlaylists extends StatelessWidget {
  const NarrowDisplayPlaylists({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('FlutterDev Playlists')),
      body: Playlists(
        playlistSelected: (playlist) {
          context.go(
            Uri(
              path: '/playlist/${playlist.id}',
              queryParameters: <String, String>{
                'title': playlist.snippet!.title!
              },
            ).toString(),
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

class WideDisplayPlaylists extends StatefulWidget {
  const WideDisplayPlaylists({super.key});

  @override
  State<WideDisplayPlaylists> createState() => _WideDisplayPlaylistsState();
}

class _WideDisplayPlaylistsState extends State<WideDisplayPlaylists> {
  Playlist? selectedPlaylist;
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: selectedPlaylist == null
            ? const Text('FlutterDev Playlists')
            : Text('FlutterDev Playlist: ${selectedPlaylist!.snippet!.title!}'),
      ),
      body: SplitView(
        viewMode: SplitViewMode.Horizontal,
        children: [
          Playlists(playlistSelected: (playlist) {
            setState(() {
              selectedPlaylist = playlist;
            });
          }),
          if (selectedPlaylist != null)
            PlaylistDetails(
                playlistId: selectedPlaylist!.id!,
                playlistName: selectedPlaylist!.snippet!.title!)
          else
            const Center(
              child: Text('Select a playlist'),
            ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

由于几个不同的原因,这个文件很有趣。首先,它不仅使用窗口的宽度(使用 MediaQuery.of(context).size.width),还会检查主题(使用 Theme.of(context).platform),从而决定是使用 SplitView widget 显示宽布局,还是显示窄布局,而不使用该 widget。

第二个要注意的要点是,它现在会处理导航,这在以前是硬编码的。这是通过在 Playlists widget 中使用一个回调参数来完成的,该参数会通知周围的代码用户已经选择了一个播放列表,并且需要执行显示该播放列表所需的任何操作。另请注意,现在已将 Scaffold 排除在 PlaylistsPlaylistDetails widget 外,因为这些 widget 不是顶级 widget。

接下来,按如下方式修改 src/lib/playlists.dart 文件:

lib/src/playlists.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'app_state.dart';

class Playlists extends StatelessWidget {
  const Playlists({super.key, required this.playlistSelected});

  final PlaylistsListSelected playlistSelected;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
      builder: (context, flutterDev, child) {
        final playlists = flutterDev.playlists;
        if (playlists.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(
            child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
          );
        }

        return _PlaylistsListView(
          items: playlists,
          playlistSelected: playlistSelected,
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

typedef PlaylistsListSelected = void Function(Playlist playlist);

class _PlaylistsListView extends StatefulWidget {
  const _PlaylistsListView({
    required this.items,
    required this.playlistSelected,
  });

  final List<Playlist> items;
  final PlaylistsListSelected playlistSelected;

  @override
  State<_PlaylistsListView> createState() => _PlaylistsListViewState();
}

class _PlaylistsListViewState extends State<_PlaylistsListView> {
  late ScrollController _scrollController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _scrollController = ScrollController();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _scrollController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      controller: _scrollController,
      itemCount: widget.items.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        var playlist = widget.items[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ListTile(
            leading: Image.network(
              playlist.snippet!.thumbnails!.default_!.url!,
            ),
            title: Text(playlist.snippet!.title!),
            subtitle: Text(
              playlist.snippet!.description!,
            ),
            onTap: () {
              widget.playlistSelected(playlist);
            },
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

该文件经过了很多更改。除了前面提到的引入 playlistSelected 回调和消除 Scaffold widget 之外,_PlaylistsListView widget 还从无状态转换为有状态。由于引入了必须构建和销毁的自有 ScrollController,因此需要进行此更改。

ScrollController 的引入很有趣,需要使用它是因为事实上在宽布局上有两个并排 ListView widget。在手机上,传统上只有一个 ListView,因此可以有一个长期存在的 ScrollController,所有 ListView 在其各自的生命周期中都附加到该 ScrollController 和从其分离。桌面设备有所不同,在这里并排使用多个 ListView 是有意义的。

最后,按如下所示修改 lib/src/playlist_details.dart 文件:

lib/src/playlist_details.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'package:url_launcher/link.dart';

import 'app_state.dart';

class PlaylistDetails extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistDetails(
      {required this.playlistId, required this.playlistName, super.key});
  final String playlistId;
  final String playlistName;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
      builder: (context, playlists, _) {
        final playlistItems = playlists.playlistItems(playlistId: playlistId);
        if (playlistItems.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
        }

        return _PlaylistDetailsListView(playlistItems: playlistItems);
      },
    );
  }
}

class _PlaylistDetailsListView extends StatefulWidget {
  const _PlaylistDetailsListView({required this.playlistItems});
  final List<PlaylistItem> playlistItems;

  @override
  State<_PlaylistDetailsListView> createState() =>
      _PlaylistDetailsListViewState();
}

class _PlaylistDetailsListViewState extends State<_PlaylistDetailsListView> {
  late ScrollController _scrollController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _scrollController = ScrollController();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _scrollController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      controller: _scrollController,
      itemCount: widget.playlistItems.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        final playlistItem = widget.playlistItems[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ClipRRect(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
            child: Stack(
              alignment: Alignment.center,
              children: [
                if (playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high != null)
                  Image.network(playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high!.url!),
                _buildGradient(context),
                _buildTitleAndSubtitle(context, playlistItem),
                _buildPlayButton(context, playlistItem),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }

  Widget _buildGradient(BuildContext context) {
    return Positioned.fill(
      child: DecoratedBox(
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          gradient: LinearGradient(
            colors: [Colors.transparent, Theme.of(context).backgroundColor],
            begin: Alignment.topCenter,
            end: Alignment.bottomCenter,
            stops: const [0.5, 0.95],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTitleAndSubtitle(
      BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Positioned(
      left: 20,
      right: 0,
      bottom: 20,
      child: Column(
        mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          Text(
            playlistItem.snippet!.title!,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText1!.copyWith(
                  fontSize: 18,
                  // fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                ),
          ),
          if (playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle != null)
            Text(
              playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle!,
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText2!.copyWith(
                    fontSize: 12,
                  ),
            ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildPlayButton(BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Stack(
      alignment: AlignmentDirectional.center,
      children: [
        Container(
          width: 42,
          height: 42,
          decoration: const BoxDecoration(
            color: Colors.white,
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
              Radius.circular(21),
            ),
          ),
        ),
        Link(
          uri: Uri.parse(
              'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${playlistItem.snippet!.resourceId!.videoId}'),
          builder: (context, followLink) => IconButton(
            onPressed: followLink,
            color: Colors.red,
            icon: const Icon(Icons.play_circle_fill),
            iconSize: 45,
          ),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

与上面的 Playlists widget 一样,此文件也需要进行一些更改,以消除 Scaffold widget,并引入一个自有的 ScrollController

再次运行应用!

在您选择的桌面设备平台上运行该应用,无论该平台是 Windows、macOS 还是 Linux。它现在应该像您期望的那样工作。

c356b0976c708cdb.png

6. 适应 Web

这些图像是怎么回事,嗯?

如果您尝试像在 Web 上一样运行该应用,即使在上一步更改了布局,您也会看到仍需进行一些调整工作来适应网络浏览器环境:

2413ac49488025b4.png

如果看一下调试控制台,您会看到一个关于接下来必须做什么的温和提示

════════ Exception caught by image resource service ════════════════════════════
Failed to load network image.
Image URL: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QIW35-vcA2o/default.jpg
Trying to load an image from another domain? Find answers at:
https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/web-images
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

创建 CORS 代理

处理图像渲染问题的一种方法是,引入代理 Web 服务以添加所需的跨域资源共享标头。打开一个终端并创建一个 Dart 网络服务器,如下所示:

$ dart create --template server-shelf yt_cors_proxy
Creating yt_cors_proxy using template server-shelf...

  .gitignore
  analysis_options.yaml
  CHANGELOG.md
  pubspec.yaml
  README.md
  Dockerfile
  .dockerignore
  test/server_test.dart
  bin/server.dart

Running pub get...                     3.9s
  Resolving dependencies...
  Changed 53 dependencies!

Created project yt_cors_proxy in yt_cors_proxy! In order to get started, run the following commands:

  cd yt_cors_proxy
  dart run bin/server.dart

将目录更改为 yt_cors_proxy 服务器,并添加一些必需的依赖项:

$ cd yt_cors_proxy
$ dart pub add shelf_cors_headers
Resolving dependencies...
+ shelf_cors_headers 0.1.2
Changed 1 dependency!
$ dart pub add http
"http" was found in dev_dependencies. Removing "http" and adding it to dependencies instead.
Resolving dependencies...
Got dependencies!

有一些当前不再需要的依赖项。按如下所示修剪这些依赖项:

$ dart pub remove args
Resolving dependencies...
These packages are no longer being depended on:
- args 2.2.0
Changed 1 dependency!
$ dart pub remove shelf_router
Resolving dependencies...
These packages are no longer being depended on:
- http_methods 1.1.0
- shelf_router 1.1.1
Changed 2 dependencies!

接下来,修改 server.dart 文件的内容以匹配以下内容:

yt_cors_proxy/bin/server.dart

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';

import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'package:shelf/shelf.dart';
import 'package:shelf/shelf_io.dart';
import 'package:shelf_cors_headers/shelf_cors_headers.dart';

Future<Response> _requestHandler(Request req) async {
  final target = req.url.replace(scheme: 'https', host: 'i.ytimg.com');
  final response = await http.get(target);
  return Response.ok(response.bodyBytes, headers: response.headers);
}

void main(List<String> args) async {
  // Use any available host or container IP (usually `0.0.0.0`).
  final ip = InternetAddress.anyIPv4;

  // Configure a pipeline that adds CORS headers and proxies requests.
  final handler = Pipeline()
      .addMiddleware(logRequests())
      .addMiddleware(corsHeaders(headers: {ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN: '*'}))
      .addHandler(_requestHandler);

  // For running in containers, we respect the PORT environment variable.
  final port = int.parse(Platform.environment['PORT'] ?? '8080');
  final server = await serve(handler, ip, port);
  print('Server listening on port ${server.port}');
}

您可以按如下方式运行此服务器:

$ dart run bin/server.dart
Server listening on port 8080

或者,您可以将其构建为 Docker 映像,并按如下方式运行生成的 Docker 映像:

$ docker build . -t yt-cors-proxy
[+] Building 2.7s (14/14) FINISHED
$ docker run -p 8080:8080 yt-cors-proxy
Server listening on port 8080

接下来,修改 Flutter 代码以利用此 CORS 代理,但仅限在网络浏览器中运行时使用。

一对适应性强的 widget

这对 widget 中的第一个 widget 控制您的应用将如何使用 CORS 代理。

lib/src/adaptive_image.dart

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class AdaptiveImage extends StatelessWidget {
  AdaptiveImage.network(String url, {super.key}) {
    if (kIsWeb) {
      _url = Uri.parse(url)
          .replace(host: 'localhost', port: 8080, scheme: 'http')
          .toString();
    } else {
      _url = url;
    }
  }

  late final String _url;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Image.network(_url);
  }
}

需要注意的要点是,您使用的是 kIsWeb,这是因为事实上该差异不是因主题所致,而是由于运行时平台所致。另一个适应性很强的 widget 处理网络浏览器用户希望文本可选择这一实际问题:

lib/src/adaptive_text.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class AdaptiveText extends StatelessWidget {
  const AdaptiveText(this.data, {super.key, this.style});
  final String data;
  final TextStyle? style;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    switch (Theme.of(context).platform) {
      case TargetPlatform.android:
      case TargetPlatform.iOS:
        return Text(data, style: style);
      default:
        return SelectableText(data, style: style);
    }
  }
}

现在,在整个代码库中传播这些调整:

lib/src/playlist_details.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'package:url_launcher/link.dart';

import 'adaptive_image.dart';   // Add this line,
import 'adaptive_text.dart';    // and this line
import 'app_state.dart';

class PlaylistDetails extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistDetails(
      {required this.playlistId, required this.playlistName, super.key});
  final String playlistId;
  final String playlistName;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
      builder: (context, playlists, _) {
        final playlistItems = playlists.playlistItems(playlistId: playlistId);
        if (playlistItems.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
        }

        return _PlaylistDetailsListView(playlistItems: playlistItems);
      },
    );
  }
}

class _PlaylistDetailsListView extends StatefulWidget {
  const _PlaylistDetailsListView({required this.playlistItems});
  final List<PlaylistItem> playlistItems;

  @override
  State<_PlaylistDetailsListView> createState() =>
      _PlaylistDetailsListViewState();
}

class _PlaylistDetailsListViewState extends State<_PlaylistDetailsListView> {
  late ScrollController _scrollController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _scrollController = ScrollController();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _scrollController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      controller: _scrollController,
      itemCount: widget.playlistItems.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        final playlistItem = widget.playlistItems[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ClipRRect(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
            child: Stack(
              alignment: Alignment.center,
              children: [
                if (playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high != null)
                  AdaptiveImage.network(    // Modify this line
                      playlistItem.snippet!.thumbnails!.high!.url!),
                _buildGradient(context),
                _buildTitleAndSubtitle(context, playlistItem),
                _buildPlayButton(context, playlistItem),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }

  Widget _buildGradient(BuildContext context) {
    return Positioned.fill(
      child: DecoratedBox(
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          gradient: LinearGradient(
            colors: [Colors.transparent, Theme.of(context).backgroundColor],
            begin: Alignment.topCenter,
            end: Alignment.bottomCenter,
            stops: const [0.5, 0.95],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTitleAndSubtitle(
      BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Positioned(
      left: 20,
      right: 0,
      bottom: 20,
      child: Column(
        mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          AdaptiveText(    // This line
            playlistItem.snippet!.title!,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText1!.copyWith(
                  fontSize: 18,
                  // fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                ),
          ),
          if (playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle != null)
          AdaptiveText(    // And, this line
            playlistItem.snippet!.videoOwnerChannelTitle!,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyText2!.copyWith(
                  fontSize: 12,
                ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildPlayButton(BuildContext context, PlaylistItem playlistItem) {
    return Stack(
      alignment: AlignmentDirectional.center,
      children: [
        Container(
          width: 42,
          height: 42,
          decoration: const BoxDecoration(
            color: Colors.white,
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
              Radius.circular(21),
            ),
          ),
        ),
        Link(
          uri: Uri.parse(
              'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${playlistItem.snippet!.resourceId!.videoId}'),
          builder: (context, followLink) => IconButton(
            onPressed: followLink,
            color: Colors.red,
            icon: const Icon(Icons.play_circle_fill),
            iconSize: 45,
          ),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

在上面的代码中,您调整了 Image.networkText widget。接下来,调整 Playlists widget。

lib/src/playlists.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'adaptive_image.dart'; // Add this line
import 'app_state.dart';

class Playlists extends StatelessWidget {
  const Playlists({super.key, required this.playlistSelected});

  final PlaylistsListSelected playlistSelected;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<FlutterDevPlaylists>(
      builder: (context, flutterDev, child) {
        final playlists = flutterDev.playlists;
        if (playlists.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(
            child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
          );
        }

        return _PlaylistsListView(
          items: playlists,
          playlistSelected: playlistSelected,
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

typedef PlaylistsListSelected = void Function(Playlist playlist);

class _PlaylistsListView extends StatefulWidget {
  const _PlaylistsListView({
    required this.items,
    required this.playlistSelected,
  });

  final List<Playlist> items;
  final PlaylistsListSelected playlistSelected;

  @override
  State<_PlaylistsListView> createState() => _PlaylistsListViewState();
}

class _PlaylistsListViewState extends State<_PlaylistsListView> {
  late ScrollController _scrollController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _scrollController = ScrollController();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _scrollController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      controller: _scrollController,
      itemCount: widget.items.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        var playlist = widget.items[index];
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          child: ListTile(
            leading: AdaptiveImage.network(  // Change this one.
              playlist.snippet!.thumbnails!.default_!.url!,
            ),
            title: Text(playlist.snippet!.title!),
            subtitle: Text(
              playlist.snippet!.description!,
            ),
            onTap: () {
              widget.playlistSelected(playlist);
            },
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

这次您只调整了 Image.network widget,将两个 Text widget 保留不变。这是有意为之,因为如果您调整文本 widget,则当用户点按文本时,ListTileonTap 功能将被阻止。

在网络上正确运行应用

在运行 CORS 代理的情况下,您应该能够运行该应用的 Web 版本,并使其看起来如下所示:

1e4f272524ebedb0.png

7. 自适应身份验证

在此步骤中,您将扩展该应用,为其增加以下功能:对用户进行身份验证,然后显示该用户的播放列表。您将不得不使用多个插件来覆盖应用可以运行的不同平台,因为在 Android、iOS、Web、Windows、macOS 和 Linux 之间处理 OAuth 的方式截然不同。

添加插件以启用 Google 身份验证

您将安装三个软件包来处理 Google 身份验证。

$ flutter pub add googleapis_auth
Resolving dependencies...
+ crypto 3.0.1
+ googleapis_auth 1.3.0
  test_api 0.4.3 (0.4.8 available)
Changed 2 dependencies!
$ flutter pub add google_sign_in
Resolving dependencies...
+ google_sign_in 5.2.1
+ google_sign_in_platform_interface 2.1.0
+ google_sign_in_web 0.10.0+3
+ quiver 3.0.1+1
  test_api 0.4.3 (0.4.8 available)
Changed 4 dependencies!
$ flutter pub add extension_google_sign_in_as_googleapis_auth
Resolving dependencies...
+ extension_google_sign_in_as_googleapis_auth 2.0.4
  test_api 0.4.3 (0.4.8 available)
Changed 1 dependency!

使用 googleapis_auth 插件以在 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 上通过用户的网络浏览器进行身份验证。在 Android、iOS 和 Web 上,使用 google_sign_in,其中 extension_google_sign_in_as_googleapis_auth 充当两个软件包之间的互操作 shim。

更新代码

通过创建一个新的可重用抽象 AdaptiveLogin widget 来开始更新。这个 widget 专为重复使用而设计,因此需要一些配置:

lib/src/adaptive_login.dart

import 'dart:io' show Platform;

import 'package:extension_google_sign_in_as_googleapis_auth/extension_google_sign_in_as_googleapis_auth.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:google_sign_in/google_sign_in.dart';
import 'package:googleapis_auth/auth_io.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'package:url_launcher/link.dart';

import 'app_state.dart';

typedef _AdaptiveLoginButtonWidget = Widget Function({
  required VoidCallback? onPressed,
});

class AdaptiveLogin extends StatelessWidget {
  const AdaptiveLogin({
    super.key,
    required this.clientId,
    required this.scopes,
    required this.loginButtonChild,
  });

  final ClientId clientId;
  final List<String> scopes;
  final Widget loginButtonChild;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (kIsWeb || Platform.isAndroid || Platform.isIOS) {
      return _GoogleSignInLogin(
        button: _loginButton,
        scopes: scopes,
      );
    } else {
      return _GoogleApisAuthLogin(
        button: _loginButton,
        scopes: scopes,
        clientId: clientId,
      );
    }
  }

  Widget _loginButton({required VoidCallback? onPressed}) => ElevatedButton(
        onPressed: onPressed,
        child: loginButtonChild,
      );
}

class _GoogleSignInLogin extends StatefulWidget {
  const _GoogleSignInLogin({
    required this.button,
    required this.scopes,
  });

  final _AdaptiveLoginButtonWidget button;
  final List<String> scopes;

  @override
  State<_GoogleSignInLogin> createState() => _GoogleSignInLoginState();
}

class _GoogleSignInLoginState extends State<_GoogleSignInLogin> {
  @override
  initState() {
    super.initState();
    _googleSignIn = GoogleSignIn(
      scopes: widget.scopes,
    );
    _googleSignIn.onCurrentUserChanged.listen((account) {
      if (account != null) {
        _googleSignIn.authenticatedClient().then((authClient) {
          if (authClient != null) {
            context.read<AuthedUserPlaylists>().authClient = authClient;
            context.go('/');
          }
        });
      }
    });
  }

  late final GoogleSignIn _googleSignIn;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Center(
        child: widget.button(onPressed: () {
          _googleSignIn.signIn();
        }),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _GoogleApisAuthLogin extends StatefulWidget {
  const _GoogleApisAuthLogin({
    required this.button,
    required this.scopes,
    required this.clientId,
  });

  final _AdaptiveLoginButtonWidget button;
  final List<String> scopes;
  final ClientId clientId;

  @override
  State<_GoogleApisAuthLogin> createState() => _GoogleApisAuthLoginState();
}

class _GoogleApisAuthLoginState extends State<_GoogleApisAuthLogin> {
  @override
  initState() {
    super.initState();
    clientViaUserConsent(widget.clientId, widget.scopes, (url) {
      setState(() {
        _authUrl = Uri.parse(url);
      });
    }).then((authClient) {
      context.read<AuthedUserPlaylists>().authClient = authClient;
      context.go('/');
    });
  }

  Uri? _authUrl;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final authUrl = _authUrl;
    if (authUrl != null) {
      return Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Link(
            uri: authUrl,
            builder: (context, followLink) =>
                widget.button(onPressed: followLink),
          ),
        ),
      );
    }

    return const Scaffold(
      body: Center(
        child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

此文件包含许多操作。重要的部分是,在 AdaptiveLoginbuild 方法中,使用 kIsWebdart:ioPlatform.isXXX 调用的组合来检查运行时平台,为 Android、iOS 和 Web 实例化 _GoogleSignInLogin 有状态 widget;而对于 Windows、macOS 和 Linux,则构建了一个 _GoogleApisAuthLogin 有状态 widget。

使用这些类需要进行额外的配置,在更新代码库的其余部分以使用这个新 widget 后即可进行配置。首先将 FlutterDevPlaylists 重命名为 AuthedUserPlaylists 以更好地反映其在现实中的新用途,并更新代码以反映 http.Client 现在是在构建后传递的。最后,不再需要 _ApiKeyClient 类:

lib/src/app_state.dart

import 'dart:collection';

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:googleapis/youtube/v3.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

class AuthedUserPlaylists extends ChangeNotifier {  // Rename class
  set authClient(http.Client client) { // Drop constructor, add setter
    _api = YouTubeApi(client);
    _loadPlaylists();
  }

  bool get isLoggedIn => _api != null; // Add property

  Future<void> _loadPlaylists() async {
    String? nextPageToken;
    _playlists.clear();

    do {
      final response = await _api!.playlists.list(  // Add ! to _api
        ['snippet', 'contentDetails', 'id'],
        mine: true,   // convert from channelId: to mine:
        maxResults: 50,
        pageToken: nextPageToken,
      );
      _playlists.addAll(response.items!);
      _playlists.sort((a, b) => a.snippet!.title!
          .toLowerCase()
          .compareTo(b.snippet!.title!.toLowerCase()));
      notifyListeners();
    } while (nextPageToken != null);
  }

  YouTubeApi? _api;    // Convert from late final to optional

  final List<Playlist> _playlists = [];
  List<Playlist> get playlists => UnmodifiableListView(_playlists);

  final Map<String, List<PlaylistItem>> _playlistItems = {};
  List<PlaylistItem> playlistItems({required String playlistId}) {
    if (!_playlistItems.containsKey(playlistId)) {
      _playlistItems[playlistId] = [];
      _retrievePlaylist(playlistId);
    }
    return UnmodifiableListView(_playlistItems[playlistId]!);
  }

  Future<void> _retrievePlaylist(String playlistId) async {
    String? nextPageToken;
    do {
      var response = await _api!.playlistItems.list(  // Add ! to _api
        ['snippet', 'contentDetails'],
        playlistId: playlistId,
        maxResults: 25,
        pageToken: nextPageToken,
      );
      var items = response.items;
      if (items != null) {
        _playlistItems[playlistId]!.addAll(items);
      }
      notifyListeners();
      nextPageToken = response.nextPageToken;
    } while (nextPageToken != null);
  }
}

// Delete the now unused _ApiKeyClient class

接下来,使用提供的应用状态对象的新名称更新 PlaylistDetails widget:

lib/src/playlist_details.dart

class PlaylistDetails extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistDetails(
      {required this.playlistId, required this.playlistName, super.key});
  final String playlistId;
  final String playlistName;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<AuthedUserPlaylists>(  // Update this line
      builder: (context, flutterDev, _) {
        final playlistItems = flutterDev.playlistItems(playlistId: playlistId);
        if (playlistItems.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
        }

        return _PlaylistDetailsListView(playlistItems: playlistItems);
      },
    );
  }
}

同样,更新 Playlists widget:

lib/src/playlists.dart

class Playlists extends StatelessWidget {
  const Playlists({required this.playlistSelected, super.key});

  final PlaylistsListSelected playlistSelected;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<AuthedUserPlaylists>(  // Update this line
      builder: (context, flutterDev, child) {
        final playlists = flutterDev.playlists;
        if (playlists.isEmpty) {
          return const Center(
            child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
          );
        }

        return _PlaylistsListView(
          items: playlists,
          playlistSelected: playlistSelected,
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

最后,更新 main.dart 文件以正确使用新的 AdaptiveLogin widget:

lib/main.dart

// Drop dart:io import

import 'package:flex_color_scheme/flex_color_scheme.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
import 'package:googleapis_auth/googleapis_auth.dart'; // Add this line
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

import 'src/adaptive_login.dart';                     // Add this line
import 'src/adaptive_playlists.dart';
import 'src/app_state.dart';
import 'src/playlist_details.dart';

// Drop flutterDevAccountId and youTubeApiKey

// Add from this line
// From https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/auth/installed-apps#identify-access-scopes
final scopes = [
  'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.readonly',
];

// TODO: Replace with your Client ID and Client Secret for Desktop configuration
final clientId = ClientId(
  'TODO-Client-ID.apps.googleusercontent.com',
  'TODO-Client-secret',
);
// To this line

final _router = GoRouter(
  routes: <RouteBase>[
    GoRoute(
      path: '/',
      builder: (context, state) {
        return const AdaptivePlaylists();
      },
      // Add redirect configuration
      redirect: (context, state) {
        if (!context.read<AuthedUserPlaylists>().isLoggedIn) {
          return '/login';
        } else {
          return null;
        }
      },
      // To this line
      routes: <RouteBase>[
        // Add new login Route
        GoRoute(
          path: 'login',
          builder: (context, state) {
            return AdaptiveLogin(
              clientId: clientId,
              scopes: scopes,
              loginButtonChild: const Text('Login to YouTube'),
            );
          },
        ),
        // To this line
        GoRoute(
          path: 'playlist/:id',
          builder: (context, state) {
            final title = state.queryParams['title']!;
            final id = state.params['id']!;
            return Scaffold(
              appBar: AppBar(title: Text(title)),
              body: PlaylistDetails(
                playlistId: id,
                playlistName: title,
              ),
            );
          },
        ),
      ],
    ),
  ],
);

void main() {
  runApp(ChangeNotifierProvider<AuthedUserPlaylists>(        // Modify this line
    create: (context) => AuthedUserPlaylists(), // Modify this line
    child: const PlaylistsApp(),
  ));
}

class PlaylistsApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const PlaylistsApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Your Playlists',            // Change FlutterDev to Your
      theme: FlexColorScheme.light(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      darkTheme: FlexColorScheme.dark(
        scheme: FlexScheme.red,
        useMaterial3: true,
      ).toTheme,
      themeMode: ThemeMode.dark, // Or ThemeMode.System if you'd prefer
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      routerConfig: _router,
    );
  }
}

此文件中的更改反映了从仅显示 Flutter 的 YouTube 播放列表到显示经过身份验证的用户的播放列表这一变化。虽然代码现已完成,但仍需要对该文件以及相应 Runner 应用下的文件进行一系列修改,以正确配置用于身份验证的 google_sign_ingoogleapis_auth 软件包。

配置 googleapis_auth

配置身份验证的第一步是删除您之前配置和使用的 API 密钥。转到您的 API 项目的凭据页面,然后删除 API 密钥:

e7bf4977a5dcf985.png

这会生成一个弹出窗口,您可以通过点击“Delete”按钮确认进行删除:

eb8b6787c2f2c951.png

然后,创建一个 OAuth 客户端 ID:

af07105da9fc35d2.png

对于“Application type”,选择“Desktop app”。

1958672268c3283e.png

接受相应名称,然后点击 Create

85c36e94f304f71f.png

这将创建客户端 ID 和客户端密钥,您必须将它们添加到 lib/main.dart 才能配置 googleapis_auth 流。一个重要的实现细节是,googleapis_auth 流使用在本地主机上运行的临时网络服务器来捕获生成的 OAuth 令牌,而且在 macOS 上还需要修改 macos/Runner/Release.entitlements 文件:

macos/Runner/Release.entitlements

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
        <dict>
                <key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
                <true/>
                <!-- add the following two lines -->
                <key>com.apple.security.network.server</key>
                <true/>
                <key>com.apple.security.network.client</key>
                <true/>
        </dict>
</plist>

您不需要对 macos/Runner/DebugProfile.entitlements 文件进行此修改,因为它已经拥有 com.apple.security.network.server 的授权,可以启用热重载和 Dart 虚拟机调试工具。

您现在应该能够在 Windows、macOS 或 Linux 上运行您的应用(如果应用是在这些目标平台上编译的)。

4f323b032dd9a419.png

针对 Android 配置 google_sign_in

返回 API 项目的凭据页面,创建另一个 OAuth 客户端 ID,但这次选择 Android

17687358b5a61a5b.png

对于表单的其余部分,请使用 android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml 中声明的软件包填写软件包名称。如果您严格按照说明进行了操作,则该名称应该为 com.example.adaptive_app。按照 Google Cloud Platform Console 帮助页面中的说明提取 SHA-1 证书指纹:

45b22059ae417ce2.png

这足以让应用在 Android 上正常运行。根据您选择使用的 Google API,您可能需要将生成的 JSON 文件添加到应用软件包中。

4b4c03d9655b02c.png

针对 iOS 配置 google_sign_in

返回 API 项目的凭据页面,创建另一个 OAuth 客户端 ID,但这次选择 iOS

. 86a84eb772759f1f.png

对于表单的其余部分,通过在 Xcode 中打开 ios/Runner.xcworkspace 来填写软件包 ID。转到项目导航器,在导航器中选择“Runner”,然后选择“General”标签页,并复制软件包标识符。如果您严格按照此 Codelab 的说明执行了每一步,则软件包标识符应该为 com.example.adaptiveApp

7cda08d3408046a1.png

暂时忽略“App Store ID”和“Team ID”,因为本地开发不需要它们:

577c52bce54ad7c6.png

下载生成的 .plist 文件,其名称基于您生成的客户端 ID。将下载的文件重命名为 GoogleService-Info.plist,然后将其拖到正在运行的 Xcode 编辑器中,与左侧导航器中 Runner/Runner 下的 Info.plist 文件在一起。对于 Xcode 中的选项对话框,选择 Copy items if neededCreate folder references,并为 Add to targets 选择“Runner”。

5e6ad6dbf468585f.png

退出 Xcode,然后在选择的 IDE 中,将以下内容添加到 Info.plist

ios/Runner/Info.plist

<key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
<array>
        <dict>
                <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
                <string>Editor</string>
                <key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
                <array>
                        <!-- TODO Replace this value: -->
                        <!-- Copied from GoogleService-Info.plist key REVERSED_CLIENT_ID -->
                        <string>com.googleusercontent.apps.TODO-REPLACE-ME</string>
                </array>
        </dict>
</array>

您需要编辑该值以匹配生成的 GoogleService-Info.plist 文件中的条目。您还必须将最低 iOS 版本设置为 9。按如下所示修改 ios/Podfile

ios/Podfile

# iOS 9 for google_sign_in
platform :ios, '9.0'      # Uncomment this line

# CocoaPods analytics sends network stats synchronously affecting flutter build latency.
ENV['COCOAPODS_DISABLE_STATS'] = 'true'

project 'Runner', {
  'Debug' => :debug,
  'Profile' => :release,
  'Release' => :release,
}

def flutter_root
  generated_xcode_build_settings_path = File.expand_path(File.join('..', 'Flutter', 'Generated.xcconfig'), __FILE__)
  unless File.exist?(generated_xcode_build_settings_path)
    raise "#{generated_xcode_build_settings_path} must exist. If you're running pod install manually, make sure flutter pub get is executed first"
  end

  File.foreach(generated_xcode_build_settings_path) do |line|
    matches = line.match(/FLUTTER_ROOT\=(.*)/)
    return matches[1].strip if matches
  end
  raise "FLUTTER_ROOT not found in #{generated_xcode_build_settings_path}. Try deleting Generated.xcconfig, then run flutter pub get"
end

require File.expand_path(File.join('packages', 'flutter_tools', 'bin', 'podhelper'), flutter_root)

flutter_ios_podfile_setup

target 'Runner' do
  use_frameworks!
  use_modular_headers!

  flutter_install_all_ios_pods File.dirname(File.realpath(__FILE__))
end

post_install do |installer|
  installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target|
    flutter_additional_ios_build_settings(target)
  end
end

运行您的应用,在登录后,您应该会看到您的播放列表。

fe0d11203497c860.png

针对 Web 配置 google_sign_in

返回 API 项目的凭据页面,创建另一个 OAuth 客户端 ID,但这次选择 Web application

7f745c53956c1572.png

对于表单的其余部分,在“Authorized JavaScript origins”中填写相关信息,如下所示:

d45fb0e23e874e34.png

这会生成一个客户端 ID。将以下 meta 标记添加到 web/index.html,并更新为包含生成的客户端 ID:

web/index.html

<meta name="google-signin-client_id" content="YOUR_GOOGLE_SIGN_IN_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID.apps.googleusercontent.com">

运行此示例需要一些具体的指导。您需要运行在上一步中创建的 CORS 代理,并且需要使用以下说明在 Web 应用 OAuth 客户端 ID 表单中指定的端口上运行 Flutter Web 应用。

在一个终端中,运行 CORS 代理服务器,如下所示:

$ dart run bin/server.dart
Server listening on port 8080

在另一个终端中,运行 Flutter 应用,如下所示:

$ flutter run -d chrome --web-hostname localhost --web-port 8090
Launching lib/main.dart on Chrome in debug mode...
Waiting for connection from debug service on Chrome...             20.4s
This app is linked to the debug service: ws://127.0.0.1:52430/Nb3Q7puZqvI=/ws
Debug service listening on ws://127.0.0.1:52430/Nb3Q7puZqvI=/ws

💪 Running with sound null safety 💪

🔥  To hot restart changes while running, press "r" or "R".
For a more detailed help message, press "h". To quit, press "q".

再次登录后,您应该会看到您的播放列表:

c9c43252341fa197.png

8. 后续步骤

恭喜!

您已完成此 Codelab,并构建了一个自适应 Flutter 应用,该应用可在 Flutter 支持的所有六个平台上运行。您调整了代码以处理不同的屏幕布局方式、文本交互方式、图像加载方式以及身份验证工作方式。

您还可以在应用中调整更多内容。要了解调整代码以适应不同运行环境的其他方法,请参阅构建自适应应用