1. Introdução
O Material Design 3 é a versão mais recente do sistema de design de código aberto do Google. O Flutter vem expandindo o suporte para a criação de aplicativos incríveis usando o Material Design 3. Neste codelab, você começa com um aplicativo vazio do Flutter e cria um aplicativo animado e cheio de estilo usando o Material Design 3 com o Flutter.
O que você vai criar
Neste codelab, você vai criar um aplicativo fictício de mensagem. Esse app vai:
- Usar um design adaptável para que funcione no computador ou em dispositivos móveis.
- Usar animação para alternar com facilidade e fluidez entre diferentes layouts.
- Usar o Material Design 3 para conseguir um estilo expressivo.
- Executar no Android, iOS, na Web, no Windows, Linux e macOS.
Este codelab é focado no Material Design 3 com o Flutter. Conceitos não relevantes e blocos de código são citados rapidamente e fornecidos para que você simplesmente os copie e cole.
2. Configurar seu ambiente do Flutter
O que é necessário
- Flutter SDK versão 3.7 ou mais recente.
- Um editor, por exemplo, VS Code ou Android Studio.
Este codelab foi testado para implantação no Android, iOS, Web, Windows, Linux e macOS. Algumas dessas plataformas exigem a instalação de software adicional para poderem ser implementadas. Uma boa maneira de saber se a sua plataforma está configurada corretamente é executando flutter doctor.
$ flutter doctor Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v): [✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.7.0, on macOS 13.2 22D5038i darwin-arm64, locale en) [✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.0) [✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.2) [✓] Chrome - develop for the web [✓] Android Studio (version 2021.2) [✓] IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition (version 2022.2.2) [✓] VS Code (version 1.74.3) [✓] Connected device (2 available) [✓] HTTP Host Availability • No issues found!
Se houver problemas listados no resultado que afetem a plataforma escolhida para implantação, execute flutter doctor -v para ter informações detalhadas. Se você não conseguir resolver o problema depois de tentar as etapas listadas por flutter doctor -v, entre em contato com a comunidade do Flutter.
3. Para começar
Como criar um aplicativo vazio do Flutter
Muitos desenvolvedores do Flutter criam um app básico "de contagem de toques de botão" com flutter create e depois passam alguns minutos removendo o que não é necessário. Desde o Flutter 3.7, é possível criar um projeto vazio do Flutter (usando o parâmetro --empty), com apenas o essencial para colocar o app em funcionamento.
$ flutter create animated_responsive_layout --empty Creating project animated_responsive_layout... Running "flutter pub get" in animated_responsive_layout... Resolving dependencies in animated_responsive_layout... (1.4s) + async 2.10.0 + boolean_selector 2.1.1 + characters 1.2.1 + clock 1.1.1 + collection 1.17.0 + fake_async 1.3.1 + flutter 0.0.0 from sdk flutter + flutter_lints 2.0.1 + flutter_test 0.0.0 from sdk flutter + js 0.6.5 (0.6.6 available) + lints 2.0.1 + matcher 0.12.13 (0.12.14 available) + material_color_utilities 0.2.0 + meta 1.8.0 + path 1.8.2 (1.8.3 available) + sky_engine 0.0.99 from sdk flutter + source_span 1.9.1 + stack_trace 1.11.0 + stream_channel 2.1.1 + string_scanner 1.2.0 + term_glyph 1.2.1 + test_api 0.4.16 (0.4.18 available) + vector_math 2.1.4 Changed 23 dependencies in animated_responsive_layout! Wrote 126 files. All done! You can find general documentation for Flutter at: https://docs.flutter.dev/ Detailed API documentation is available at: https://api.flutter.dev/ If you prefer video documentation, consider: https://www.youtube.com/c/flutterdev In order to run your empty application, type: $ cd animated_responsive_layout $ flutter run Your empty application code is in animated_responsive_layout/lib/main.dart.
Execute esse código usando seu editor de código ou diretamente da linha de comando. Dependendo de quais conjuntos de ferramentas instalou e se há simuladores ou emuladores em execução, pode ser solicitado que você decida em qual segmento de implantação quer executar o aplicativo. Aqui, por exemplo, mostra como você pode optar por executar o aplicativo vazio em um navegador da Web selecionando a opção "Chome".
$ cd animated_responsive_layout $ flutter run Multiple devices found: macOS (desktop) • macos • darwin-arm64 • macOS 13.2 22D5038i darwin-arm64 Chrome (web) • chrome • web-javascript • Google Chrome 108.0.5359.124 [1]: macOS (macos) [2]: Chrome (chrome) Please choose one (To quit, press "q/Q"): 2 Launching lib/main.dart on Chrome in debug mode... Waiting for connection from debug service on Chrome... 10.0s This app is linked to the debug service: ws://127.0.0.1:56599/gxM2gOqxliM=/ws Debug service listening on ws://127.0.0.1:56599/gxM2gOqxliM=/ws 💪 Running with sound null safety 💪 🔥 To hot restart changes while running, press "r" or "R". For a more detailed help message, press "h". To quit, press "q". An Observatory debugger and profiler on Chrome is available at: http://127.0.0.1:56599/gxM2gOqxliM= The Flutter DevTools debugger and profiler on Chrome is available at: http://127.0.0.1:9100?uri=http://127.0.0.1:56599/gxM2gOqxliM=
Nesse cenário, o aplicativo vazio será executado em um navegador da Web Chrome. Você também pode optar por executá-lo no Android, iOS ou no sistema operacional do seu computador.
4. Criar um app de mensagens
Como criar avatares
Os aplicativos de mensagem precisam ter imagens dos usuários. Essas imagens representam os usuários e são chamadas de avatares. A seguir, crie um diretório de assets no topo da árvore do projeto e preencha-o com uma série de imagens do repositório Git para este codelab. Uma maneira de fazer isso é usar a ferramenta da linha de comando wget da seguinte maneira.
$ mkdir assets
$ cd assets
$ for name in avatar_1 avatar_2 avatar_3 avatar_4 \
avatar_5 avatar_6 avatar_7 thumbnail_1; \
do wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flutter/codelabs/main/animated-responsive-layout/step_04/assets/$name.png ; \
done
Assim, será feito o download das seguintes imagens no diretório assets do app:
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Agora que você tem os recursos de imagem do avatar, é preciso adicioná-los ao arquivo pubspec.yaml da seguinte maneira:
pubspec.yaml
name: animated_responsive_layout
description: A new Flutter project.
publish_to: 'none'
version: 0.1.0
environment:
sdk: '>=2.19.0 <3.0.0'
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
dev_dependencies:
flutter_test:
sdk: flutter
flutter_lints: ^2.0.0
flutter:
uses-material-design: true
# Add from here...
assets:
- assets/avatar_1.png
- assets/avatar_2.png
- assets/avatar_3.png
- assets/avatar_4.png
- assets/avatar_5.png
- assets/avatar_6.png
- assets/avatar_7.png
- assets/thumbnail_1.png
# ... to here.
O aplicativo requer uma fonte de dados para as mensagens que ele mostra. No diretório lib do seu projeto, crie um subdiretório models. É possível fazer isso na linha de comando com mkdir ou no editor de texto de sua escolha. Crie um arquivo models.dart no diretório lib/models com o seguinte conteúdo:
lib/models/models.dart
class Attachment {
const Attachment({
required this.url,
});
final String url;
}
class Email {
const Email({
required this.sender,
required this.recipients,
required this.subject,
required this.content,
this.replies = 0,
this.attachments = const [],
});
final User sender;
final List<User> recipients;
final String subject;
final String content;
final List<Attachment> attachments;
final double replies;
}
class Name {
const Name({
required this.first,
required this.last,
});
final String first;
final String last;
String get fullName => '$first $last';
}
class User {
const User({
required this.name,
required this.avatarUrl,
required this.lastActive,
});
final Name name;
final String avatarUrl;
final DateTime lastActive;
}
Agora que você tem uma definição da forma dos dados, crie um arquivo data.dart no diretório lib/models com o seguinte conteúdo:
lib/models/data.dart
import 'models.dart';
final User user_0 = User(
name: const Name(first: 'Me', last: ''),
avatarUrl: 'assets/avatar_1.png',
lastActive: DateTime.now());
final User user_1 = User(
name: const Name(first: '老', last: '强'),
avatarUrl: 'assets/avatar_2.png',
lastActive: DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(minutes: 10)));
final User user_2 = User(
name: const Name(first: 'So', last: 'Duri'),
avatarUrl: 'assets/avatar_3.png',
lastActive: DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(minutes: 20)));
final User user_3 = User(
name: const Name(first: 'Lily', last: 'MacDonald'),
avatarUrl: 'assets/avatar_4.png',
lastActive: DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(hours: 2)));
final User user_4 = User(
name: const Name(first: 'Ziad', last: 'Aouad'),
avatarUrl: 'assets/avatar_5.png',
lastActive: DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(hours: 6)));
final List<Email> emails = [
Email(
sender: user_1,
recipients: [],
subject: '豆花鱼',
content: '最近忙吗？昨晚我去了你最爱的那家饭馆，点了他们的特色豆花鱼，吃着吃着就想你了。',
),
Email(
sender: user_2,
recipients: [],
subject: 'Dinner Club',
content:
"I think it's time for us to finally try that new noodle shop downtown that doesn't use menus. Anyone else have other suggestions for dinner club this week? I'm so intrigued by this idea of a noodle restaurant where no one gets to order for themselves - could be fun, or terrible, or both :)\n\nSo",
),
Email(
sender: user_3,
recipients: [],
subject: 'This food show is made for you',
content:
"Ping– you'd love this new food show I started watching. It's produced by a Thai drummer who started getting recognized for the amazing vegan food she always brought to shows.",
attachments: [const Attachment(url: 'assets/thumbnail_1.png')]),
Email(
sender: user_4,
recipients: [],
subject: 'Volunteer EMT with me?',
content:
'What do you think about training to be volunteer EMTs? We could do it together for moral support. Think about it??',
),
];
final List<Email> replies = [
Email(
sender: user_2,
recipients: [
user_3,
user_2,
],
subject: 'Dinner Club',
content:
"I think it's time for us to finally try that new noodle shop downtown that doesn't use menus. Anyone else have other suggestions for dinner club this week? I'm so intrigued by this idea of a noodle restaurant where no one gets to order for themselves - could be fun, or terrible, or both :)\n\nSo",
),
Email(
sender: user_0,
recipients: [
user_3,
user_2,
],
subject: 'Dinner Club',
content:
"Yes! I forgot about that place! I'm definitely up for taking a risk this week and handing control over to this mysterious noodle chef. I wonder what happens if you have allergies though? Lucky none of us have any otherwise I'd be a bit concerned.\n\nThis is going to be great. See you all at the usual time?",
),
];
Com esses dados em mãos, é hora de definir alguns widgets para mostrar esses dados. Crie um subdiretório em lib chamado widgets. Você vai criar quatro arquivos em widgets, e seu editor provavelmente vai emitir alguns alertas até que todos eles tenham sido criados. O objetivo deste codelab é criar um estilo para o app usando o Material Design 3. Assim, adicione cada um dos quatro arquivos seguintes com o conteúdo listado:
lib/widgets/email_list_view.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../models/data.dart' as data;
import '../models/models.dart';
import 'email_widget.dart';
import 'search_bar.dart';
class EmailListView extends StatelessWidget {
const EmailListView({
super.key,
this.selectedIndex,
this.onSelected,
required this.currentUser,
});
final int? selectedIndex;
final ValueChanged<int>? onSelected;
final User currentUser;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
child: ListView(
children: [
const SizedBox(height: 8),
SearchBar(currentUser: currentUser),
const SizedBox(height: 8),
...List.generate(
data.emails.length,
(index) {
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 8.0),
child: EmailWidget(
email: data.emails[index],
onSelected: onSelected != null
? () {
onSelected!(index);
}
: null,
isSelected: selectedIndex == index,
),
);
},
),
],
),
);
}
}
A capacidade de exibir uma lista de e-mails parece ser algo que um aplicativo de mensagens deveria fazer. Você vai receber algumas reclamações do editor, mas pode corrigir algumas delas adicionando o próximo arquivo email_widget.dart.
lib/widgets/email_widget.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../models/models.dart';
import 'star_button.dart';
enum EmailType {
preview,
threaded,
primaryThreaded,
}
class EmailWidget extends StatefulWidget {
const EmailWidget({
super.key,
required this.email,
this.isSelected = false,
this.isPreview = true,
this.isThreaded = false,
this.showHeadline = false,
this.onSelected,
});
final bool isSelected;
final bool isPreview;
final bool showHeadline;
final bool isThreaded;
final void Function()? onSelected;
final Email email;
@override
State<EmailWidget> createState() => _EmailWidgetState();
}
class _EmailWidgetState extends State<EmailWidget> {
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late Color unselectedColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.08),
_colorScheme.surface,
);
Color get _surfaceColor {
if (!widget.isPreview) return _colorScheme.surface;
if (widget.isSelected) return _colorScheme.primaryContainer;
return unselectedColor;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return GestureDetector(
onTap: widget.onSelected,
child: Card(
elevation: 0,
color: _surfaceColor,
clipBehavior: Clip.hardEdge,
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: [
if (widget.showHeadline) ...[
EmailHeadline(
email: widget.email,
isSelected: widget.isSelected,
),
],
EmailContent(
email: widget.email,
isPreview: widget.isPreview,
isThreaded: widget.isThreaded,
isSelected: widget.isSelected,
),
],
),
),
);
}
}
class EmailContent extends StatefulWidget {
const EmailContent({
super.key,
required this.email,
required this.isPreview,
required this.isThreaded,
required this.isSelected,
});
final Email email;
final bool isPreview;
final bool isThreaded;
final bool isSelected;
@override
State<EmailContent> createState() => _EmailContentState();
}
class _EmailContentState extends State<EmailContent> {
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final TextTheme _textTheme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;
Widget get contentSpacer => SizedBox(height: widget.isThreaded ? 20 : 2);
String get lastActiveLabel {
final DateTime now = DateTime.now();
if (widget.email.sender.lastActive.isAfter(now)) throw ArgumentError();
final Duration elapsedTime =
widget.email.sender.lastActive.difference(now).abs();
if (elapsedTime.inSeconds < 60) return '${elapsedTime.inSeconds}s';
if (elapsedTime.inMinutes < 60) return '${elapsedTime.inMinutes}m';
if (elapsedTime.inHours < 60) return '${elapsedTime.inHours}h';
if (elapsedTime.inDays < 365) return '${elapsedTime.inDays}d';
throw UnimplementedError();
}
TextStyle? get contentTextStyle {
if (widget.isThreaded) {
return _textTheme.bodyLarge;
}
if (widget.isSelected) {
return _textTheme.bodyMedium
?.copyWith(color: _colorScheme.onPrimaryContainer);
}
return _textTheme.bodyMedium
?.copyWith(color: _colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: [
LayoutBuilder(builder: (context, constraints) {
return Row(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
if (constraints.maxWidth - 200 > 0) ...[
CircleAvatar(
backgroundImage: AssetImage(widget.email.sender.avatarUrl),
),
const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 6.0)),
],
Expanded(
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: [
Text(
widget.email.sender.name.fullName,
overflow: TextOverflow.fade,
maxLines: 1,
style: widget.isSelected
? _textTheme.labelMedium?.copyWith(
color: _colorScheme.onSecondaryContainer)
: _textTheme.labelMedium
?.copyWith(color: _colorScheme.onSurface),
),
Text(
lastActiveLabel,
overflow: TextOverflow.fade,
maxLines: 1,
style: widget.isSelected
? _textTheme.labelMedium?.copyWith(
color: _colorScheme.onSecondaryContainer)
: _textTheme.labelMedium?.copyWith(
color: _colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant),
),
],
),
),
if (constraints.maxWidth - 200 > 0) ...[
const StarButton(),
]
],
);
}),
const SizedBox(width: 8),
Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: [
if (widget.isPreview) ...[
Text(
widget.email.subject,
style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)
.copyWith(color: _colorScheme.onSurface),
),
],
if (widget.isThreaded) ...[
contentSpacer,
Text(
"To ${widget.email.recipients.map((recipient) => recipient.name.first).join(", ")}",
style: _textTheme.bodyMedium,
)
],
contentSpacer,
Text(
widget.email.content,
maxLines: widget.isPreview ? 2 : 100,
overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
style: contentTextStyle,
),
],
),
const SizedBox(width: 12),
widget.email.attachments.isNotEmpty
? Container(
height: 96,
decoration: BoxDecoration(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8.0),
image: DecorationImage(
fit: BoxFit.cover,
image: AssetImage(widget.email.attachments.first.url),
),
),
)
: const SizedBox.shrink(),
if (!widget.isPreview) ...[
const EmailReplyOptions(),
],
],
),
);
}
}
class EmailHeadline extends StatefulWidget {
const EmailHeadline({
super.key,
required this.email,
required this.isSelected,
});
final Email email;
final bool isSelected;
@override
State<EmailHeadline> createState() => _EmailHeadlineState();
}
class _EmailHeadlineState extends State<EmailHeadline> {
late final TextTheme _textTheme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return LayoutBuilder(builder: (context, constraints) {
return Container(
height: 84,
color: Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.05),
_colorScheme.surface,
),
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(24, 12, 12, 12),
child: Row(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Expanded(
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: [
Text(
widget.email.subject,
maxLines: 1,
overflow: TextOverflow.fade,
style: const TextStyle(
fontSize: 18, fontWeight: FontWeight.w400),
),
Text(
'${widget.email.replies.toString()} Messages',
maxLines: 1,
overflow: TextOverflow.fade,
style: _textTheme.labelMedium
?.copyWith(fontWeight: FontWeight.w500),
),
],
),
),
// Display a "condensed" version if the widget in the row are
// expected to overflow.
if (constraints.maxWidth - 200 > 0) ...[
SizedBox(
height: 40,
width: 40,
child: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {},
elevation: 0,
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.surface,
child: const Icon(Icons.delete_outline),
),
),
const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 8.0)),
SizedBox(
height: 40,
width: 40,
child: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {},
elevation: 0,
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.surface,
child: const Icon(Icons.more_vert),
),
),
]
],
),
),
);
});
}
}
class EmailReplyOptions extends StatefulWidget {
const EmailReplyOptions({super.key});
@override
State<EmailReplyOptions> createState() => _EmailReplyOptionsState();
}
class _EmailReplyOptionsState extends State<EmailReplyOptions> {
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return LayoutBuilder(
builder: (context, constraints) {
if (constraints.maxWidth < 100) {
return const SizedBox.shrink();
}
return Row(
children: [
Expanded(
child: TextButton(
style: ButtonStyle(
backgroundColor:
MaterialStateProperty.all(_colorScheme.onInverseSurface),
),
onPressed: () {},
child: Text(
'Reply',
style: TextStyle(color: _colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant),
),
),
),
const SizedBox(width: 8),
Expanded(
child: TextButton(
style: ButtonStyle(
backgroundColor:
MaterialStateProperty.all(_colorScheme.onInverseSurface),
),
onPressed: () {},
child: Text(
'Reply All',
style: TextStyle(color: _colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant),
),
),
),
],
);
},
);
}
}
Sim, aquele widget é bastante complexo. Vale a pena estudá-lo em detalhes, especialmente para observar como a cor é aplicada em todo o widget. Esse vai ser um tema recorrente. A seguir, search_bar.dart.
lib/widgets/search_bar.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../models/models.dart';
class SearchBar extends StatelessWidget {
const SearchBar({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return SizedBox(
height: 56,
child: Container(
decoration: BoxDecoration(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(100),
color: Colors.white,
),
padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(31, 12, 12, 12),
child: Row(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
const Icon(Icons.search),
const SizedBox(width: 23.5),
Expanded(
child: TextField(
maxLines: 1,
decoration: InputDecoration(
isDense: true,
border: InputBorder.none,
hintText: 'Search replies',
hintStyle: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyMedium,
),
),
),
CircleAvatar(
backgroundImage: AssetImage(currentUser.avatarUrl),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}
Um widget muito mais simples e sem estado. Em seguida, adicione outro widget simples, star_button.dart:
lib/widgets/star_button.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
class StarButton extends StatefulWidget {
const StarButton({super.key});
@override
State<StarButton> createState() => _StarButtonState();
}
class _StarButtonState extends State<StarButton> {
bool state = false;
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
Icon get icon {
final IconData iconData = state ? Icons.star : Icons.star_outline;
return Icon(
iconData,
color: Colors.grey,
size: 20,
);
}
void _toggle() {
setState(() {
state = !state;
});
}
double get turns => state ? 1 : 0;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return AnimatedRotation(
turns: turns,
curve: Curves.decelerate,
duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
child: FloatingActionButton(
elevation: 0,
shape: const CircleBorder(),
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.surface,
onPressed: () => _toggle(),
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
child: icon,
),
),
);
}
}
Depois, atualize o protagonista do show, lib/main.dart. Substitua o conteúdo atual daquele arquivo pelo seguinte.
lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'models/data.dart' as data;
import 'models/models.dart';
import 'widgets/email_list_view.dart';
void main() {
runApp(const MainApp());
}
class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MainApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData.light(useMaterial3: true),
home: Feed(currentUser: data.user_0),
);
}
}
class Feed extends StatefulWidget {
const Feed({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
State<Feed> createState() => _FeedState();
}
class _FeedState extends State<Feed> {
late final _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final _backgroundColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.14), _colorScheme.surface);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: Container(
color: _backgroundColor,
child: EmailListView(
currentUser: widget.currentUser,
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.tertiaryContainer,
foregroundColor: _colorScheme.onTertiaryContainer,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
);
}
}
A linha mais importante deste arquivo do ponto de vista deste codelab é o argumento theme do MaterialApp, que define useMaterial3 como true. O argumento useMaterial3 decide se o estilo dos widgets do seu app foram aplicados de acordo com as diretrizes de design do Material Design 2 ou do Material Design 3. Definir o argumento useMaterial3 como true também traz à tona novos recursos como IconButtons selecionáveis.
Execute o app para conferir como você está se saindo.
5. Adicionar uma NavigationBar
No fim da etapa anterior, o app inicial tinha uma lista de mensagens, mas não muito mais que isso. Nesta etapa, você vai adicionar uma NavigationBar para acrescentar mais interesse visual. À medida que o app se transforma de um esboço de interface em um aplicativo real, a barra de navegação fornece diferentes áreas para o usuário usar.
Ter uma NavigationBar implica que há destinos para onde navegar. Crie um novo arquivo no diretório lib chamado destinations.dart e preencha-o com o seguinte código.
lib/destinations.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
class Destination {
const Destination(this.icon, this.label);
final IconData icon;
final String label;
}
const List<Destination> destinations = <Destination>[
Destination(Icons.inbox_rounded, 'Inbox'),
Destination(Icons.article_outlined, 'Articles'),
Destination(Icons.messenger_outline_rounded, 'Messages'),
Destination(Icons.group_outlined, 'Groups'),
];
Assim, o aplicativo terá quatro destinos para a NavigationBar mostrar. A seguir, insira essa lista de destinos no arquivo lib/main.dart da seguinte maneira:
lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'destinations.dart'; // Add this import
import 'models/data.dart' as data;
import 'models/models.dart';
import 'widgets/email_list_view.dart';
void main() {
runApp(const MainApp());
}
class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MainApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData.light(useMaterial3: true),
home: Feed(currentUser: data.user_0),
);
}
}
class Feed extends StatefulWidget {
const Feed({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
State<Feed> createState() => _FeedState();
}
class _FeedState extends State<Feed> {
late final _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final _backgroundColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.14), _colorScheme.surface);
int selectedIndex = 0; // Add this variable
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: Container(
color: _backgroundColor,
child: EmailListView(
// Add from here...
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
// ... to here.
currentUser: widget.currentUser,
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.tertiaryContainer,
foregroundColor: _colorScheme.onTertiaryContainer,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
// Add from here...
bottomNavigationBar: NavigationBar(
elevation: 0,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
destinations: destinations.map<NavigationDestination>((d) {
return NavigationDestination(
icon: Icon(d.icon),
label: d.label,
);
}).toList(),
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
// ...to here.
);
}
}
Em vez de definir um conteúdo diferente para cada destino, mude o estado das mensagens individuais para refletir o destino selecionado na NavigationBar. Para fins de consistência, isso também funciona de forma inversa: selecionar uma mensagem exibe o destino correspondente na NavigationBar. Execute o aplicativo para conferir essas mudanças:
Isso parece razoável em uma configuração estreita, mas se você ampliar a largura da janela ou girar o simulador do smartphone para a horizontal, a aparência ficará um pouco estranha. Para corrigir isso, introduza uma NavigationRail do lado esquerdo da tela quando a largura do aplicativo for suficiente. Isso vai ser tratado na próxima etapa.
6. Adicionar uma NavigationRail
Esta etapa adiciona uma NavigationRail ao aplicativo. A ideia é mostrar apenas um dos dois widgets de navegação, dependendo do tamanho da tela, o que significa que você precisa ocultar ou mostrar a NavigationBar quando necessário. No diretório lib/widgets, crie um arquivo disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart e adicione o seguinte código:
lib/widgets/disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../destinations.dart';
class DisappearingBottomNavigationBar extends StatelessWidget {
const DisappearingBottomNavigationBar({
super.key,
required this.selectedIndex,
this.onDestinationSelected,
});
final int selectedIndex;
final ValueChanged<int>? onDestinationSelected;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return NavigationBar(
elevation: 0,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
destinations: destinations.map<NavigationDestination>((d) {
return NavigationDestination(
icon: Icon(d.icon),
label: d.label,
);
}).toList(),
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: onDestinationSelected,
);
}
}
No mesmo diretório, adicione outro arquivo chamado disappearing_navigation_rail.dart com o seguinte código:
lib/widgets/disappearing_navigation_rail.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../destinations.dart';
class DisappearingNavigationRail extends StatelessWidget {
const DisappearingNavigationRail({
super.key,
required this.backgroundColor,
required this.selectedIndex,
this.onDestinationSelected,
});
final Color backgroundColor;
final int selectedIndex;
final ValueChanged<int>? onDestinationSelected;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
return NavigationRail(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
backgroundColor: backgroundColor,
onDestinationSelected: onDestinationSelected,
leading: Column(
children: [
IconButton(
onPressed: () {},
icon: const Icon(Icons.menu),
),
const SizedBox(height: 8),
FloatingActionButton(
shape: const RoundedRectangleBorder(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
Radius.circular(15),
),
),
backgroundColor: colorScheme.tertiaryContainer,
foregroundColor: colorScheme.onTertiaryContainer,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
],
),
groupAlignment: -0.85,
destinations: destinations.map((d) {
return NavigationRailDestination(
icon: Icon(d.icon),
label: Text(d.label),
);
}).toList(),
);
}
}
Com os idiomas da navegação refatorados nos próprios widgets, o arquivo lib/main.dart requer algumas modificações:
lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
// Remove the destination.dart import, it's not required
import 'models/data.dart' as data;
import 'models/models.dart';
import 'widgets/disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart'; // Add import
import 'widgets/disappearing_navigation_rail.dart'; // Add import
import 'widgets/email_list_view.dart';
void main() {
runApp(const MainApp());
}
class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MainApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData.light(useMaterial3: true),
home: Feed(currentUser: data.user_0),
);
}
}
class Feed extends StatefulWidget {
const Feed({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
State<Feed> createState() => _FeedState();
}
class _FeedState extends State<Feed> {
late final _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final _backgroundColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.14), _colorScheme.surface);
int selectedIndex = 0;
// Add from here...
bool wideScreen = false;
@override
void didChangeDependencies() {
super.didChangeDependencies();
final double width = MediaQuery.of(context).size.width;
wideScreen = width > 600;
}
// ... to here.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Modify from here...
return Scaffold(
body: Row(
children: [
if (wideScreen)
DisappearingNavigationRail(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
backgroundColor: _backgroundColor,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
Expanded(
child: Container(
color: _backgroundColor,
child: EmailListView(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
currentUser: widget.currentUser,
),
),
),
],
),
floatingActionButton: wideScreen
? null
: FloatingActionButton(
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.tertiaryContainer,
foregroundColor: _colorScheme.onTertiaryContainer,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
bottomNavigationBar: wideScreen
? null
: DisappearingBottomNavigationBar(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
);
// ... to here.
}
}
A primeira mudança importante no arquivo main.dart é a adição de um estado wideScreen que atualiza sempre que o usuário redimensiona a tela, seja mudando o tamanho da janela de um navegador ou girando um smartphone. A próxima mudança modifica a NavigationBar e o FloatingActionButton, dependendo se o app está ou não no modo wideScreen. Finalmente, a NavigationRail é introduzida condicionalmente à esquerda, se a tela tiver largura suficiente. Execute o aplicativo na Web ou no computador e redimensione a tela para mostrar os dois layouts.
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Ter dois layouts diferentes é bom, porém a transição entre os dois não é ideal. A substituição da barra pela coluna (e vice-versa) de maneira mais dinâmica melhoraria muito esse aplicativo. Você vai adicionar essa animação na próxima etapa.
7. Animar as transições
A criação de uma experiência animada envolve a elaboração de uma série de animações, com cada componente devidamente coreografado. Para esta animação, você começará criando um novo arquivo no diretório lib chamado animations.dart com as curvas de animação necessárias.
lib/animations.dart
import 'package:flutter/animation.dart';
class BarAnimation extends ReverseAnimation {
BarAnimation({required AnimationController parent})
: super(
CurvedAnimation(
parent: parent,
curve: const Interval(0, 1 / 5),
reverseCurve: const Interval(1 / 5, 4 / 5),
),
);
}
class OffsetAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
OffsetAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(
2 / 5,
3 / 5,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized,
),
reverseCurve: Interval(
4 / 5,
1,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized.flipped,
),
);
}
class RailAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
RailAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(0 / 5, 4 / 5),
reverseCurve: const Interval(3 / 5, 1),
);
}
class RailFabAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
RailFabAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(3 / 5, 1),
);
}
class ScaleAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
ScaleAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(
3 / 5,
4 / 5,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized,
),
reverseCurve: Interval(
3 / 5,
1,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized.flipped,
),
);
}
class ShapeAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
ShapeAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(
2 / 5,
3 / 5,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized,
),
);
}
class SizeAnimation extends CurvedAnimation {
SizeAnimation({required super.parent})
: super(
curve: const Interval(
0 / 5,
3 / 5,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized,
),
reverseCurve: Interval(
2 / 5,
1,
curve: Curves.easeInOutCubicEmphasized.flipped,
),
);
}
O desenvolvimento dessas curvas requer iteração, que é facilitada pela recarga automática do Flutter. Para usar essas animações, são necessárias algumas transições. Crie um subdiretório no diretório lib chamado transitions e adicione um arquivo chamado bottom_bar_transition.dart com o seguinte código:
lib/transitions/bottom_bar_transition.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart';
class BottomBarTransition extends StatefulWidget {
const BottomBarTransition(
{super.key,
required this.animation,
required this.backgroundColor,
required this.child});
final Animation<double> animation;
final Color backgroundColor;
final Widget child;
@override
State<BottomBarTransition> createState() => _BottomBarTransition();
}
class _BottomBarTransition extends State<BottomBarTransition> {
late final Animation<Offset> offsetAnimation = Tween<Offset>(
begin: const Offset(0, 1),
end: Offset.zero,
).animate(OffsetAnimation(parent: widget.animation));
late final Animation<double> heightAnimation = Tween<double>(
begin: 0,
end: 1,
).animate(SizeAnimation(parent: widget.animation));
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ClipRect(
child: DecoratedBox(
decoration: BoxDecoration(color: widget.backgroundColor),
child: Align(
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
heightFactor: heightAnimation.value,
child: FractionalTranslation(
translation: offsetAnimation.value,
child: widget.child,
),
),
),
);
}
}
Adicione outro arquivo no diretório lib/transitions chamado nav_rail_transition.dart e acrescente o seguinte código:
lib/transitions/nav_rail_transition.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart';
class NavRailTransition extends StatefulWidget {
const NavRailTransition(
{super.key,
required this.animation,
required this.backgroundColor,
required this.child});
final Animation<double> animation;
final Widget child;
final Color backgroundColor;
@override
State<NavRailTransition> createState() => _NavRailTransitionState();
}
class _NavRailTransitionState extends State<NavRailTransition> {
// The animations are only rebuilt by this method when the text
// direction changes because this widget only depends on Directionality.
late final bool ltr = Directionality.of(context) == TextDirection.ltr;
late final Animation<Offset> offsetAnimation = Tween<Offset>(
begin: ltr ? const Offset(-1, 0) : const Offset(1, 0),
end: Offset.zero,
).animate(OffsetAnimation(parent: widget.animation));
late final Animation<double> widthAnimation = Tween<double>(
begin: 0,
end: 1,
).animate(SizeAnimation(parent: widget.animation));
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ClipRect(
child: DecoratedBox(
decoration: BoxDecoration(color: widget.backgroundColor),
child: AnimatedBuilder(
animation: widthAnimation,
builder: (context, child) {
return Align(
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
widthFactor: widthAnimation.value,
child: FractionalTranslation(
translation: offsetAnimation.value,
child: widget.child,
),
);
},
),
),
);
}
}
Esses dois widgets de transição unem os widgets da coluna e da barra de navegação para animar o aparecimento e desaparecimento delas. Para usar esses dois widgets de transição, comece com disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart:
lib/widgets/disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart'; // Add this import
import '../destinations.dart';
import '../transitions/bottom_bar_transition.dart'; // Add this import
class DisappearingBottomNavigationBar extends StatelessWidget {
const DisappearingBottomNavigationBar({
super.key,
required this.barAnimation, // Add this parameter
required this.selectedIndex,
this.onDestinationSelected,
});
final BarAnimation barAnimation; // Add this variable
final int selectedIndex;
final ValueChanged<int>? onDestinationSelected;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Modify from here...
return BottomBarTransition(
animation: barAnimation,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
child: NavigationBar(
elevation: 0,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
destinations: destinations.map<NavigationDestination>((d) {
return NavigationDestination(
icon: Icon(d.icon),
label: d.label,
);
}).toList(),
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: onDestinationSelected,
),
);
// ... to here.
}
}
A modificação anterior adiciona uma das animações e integra uma transição. Isso permite que você controle como a barra de navegação aparece e desaparece.
A seguir, modifique disappearing_navigation_rail.dart da seguinte maneira:
lib/widgets/disappearing_navigation_rail.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart'; // Add this import
import '../destinations.dart';
import '../transitions/nav_rail_transition.dart'; // Add this import
import 'animated_floating_action_button.dart'; // Add this import
class DisappearingNavigationRail extends StatelessWidget {
const DisappearingNavigationRail({
super.key,
required this.railAnimation, // Add this parameter
required this.railFabAnimation, // Add this parameter
required this.backgroundColor,
required this.selectedIndex,
this.onDestinationSelected,
});
final RailAnimation railAnimation; // Add this variable
final RailFabAnimation railFabAnimation; // Add this variable
final Color backgroundColor;
final int selectedIndex;
final ValueChanged<int>? onDestinationSelected;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Delete colorScheme
// Modify from here ...
return NavRailTransition(
animation: railAnimation,
backgroundColor: backgroundColor,
child: NavigationRail(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
backgroundColor: backgroundColor,
onDestinationSelected: onDestinationSelected,
leading: Column(
children: [
IconButton(
onPressed: () {},
icon: const Icon(Icons.menu),
),
const SizedBox(height: 8),
AnimatedFloatingActionButton(
animation: railFabAnimation,
elevation: 0,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
],
),
groupAlignment: -0.85,
destinations: destinations.map((d) {
return NavigationRailDestination(
icon: Icon(d.icon),
label: Text(d.label),
);
}).toList(),
),
);
// ... to here.
}
}
Ao inserir o código anterior, você provavelmente recebeu um conjunto de avisos de erro sobre um widget indefinido, o FloatingActionButton. Para corrigir isso, adicione um arquivo chamado animated_floating_action_button.dart ao lib/widgets com o seguinte código:
lib/widgets/animated_floating_action_button.dart
import 'dart:ui';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart';
class AnimatedFloatingActionButton extends StatefulWidget {
const AnimatedFloatingActionButton({
super.key,
required this.animation,
this.elevation,
this.onPressed,
this.child,
});
final Animation<double> animation;
final VoidCallback? onPressed;
final Widget? child;
final double? elevation;
@override
State<AnimatedFloatingActionButton> createState() =>
_AnimatedFloatingActionButton();
}
class _AnimatedFloatingActionButton
extends State<AnimatedFloatingActionButton> {
late final ColorScheme _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final Animation<double> _scaleAnimation =
ScaleAnimation(parent: widget.animation);
late final Animation<double> _shapeAnimation =
ShapeAnimation(parent: widget.animation);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ScaleTransition(
scale: _scaleAnimation,
child: FloatingActionButton(
elevation: widget.elevation,
shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
Radius.circular(lerpDouble(30, 15, _shapeAnimation.value)!),
),
),
backgroundColor: _colorScheme.tertiaryContainer,
foregroundColor: _colorScheme.onTertiaryContainer,
onPressed: widget.onPressed,
child: widget.child,
),
);
}
}
Para fazer essas mudanças no aplicativo, atualize o arquivo main.dart da seguinte maneira:
lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'animations.dart'; // Add this import
import 'models/data.dart' as data;
import 'models/models.dart';
import 'widgets/animated_floating_action_button.dart'; // Add this import
import 'widgets/disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart';
import 'widgets/disappearing_navigation_rail.dart';
import 'widgets/email_list_view.dart';
void main() {
runApp(const MainApp());
}
class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MainApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData.light(useMaterial3: true),
home: Feed(currentUser: data.user_0),
);
}
}
class Feed extends StatefulWidget {
const Feed({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
State<Feed> createState() => _FeedState();
}
// Add SingleTickerProviderStateMixin to _FeedState
class _FeedState extends State<Feed> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
late final _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final _backgroundColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.14), _colorScheme.surface);
// Add from here...
late final _controller = AnimationController(
duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 1000),
reverseDuration: const Duration(milliseconds: 1250),
value: 0,
vsync: this);
late final _railAnimation = RailAnimation(parent: _controller);
late final _railFabAnimation = RailFabAnimation(parent: _controller);
late final _barAnimation = BarAnimation(parent: _controller);
// ... to here.
int selectedIndex = 0;
// Remove wideScreen
bool controllerInitialized = false; // Add this variable
@override
void didChangeDependencies() {
super.didChangeDependencies();
final double width = MediaQuery.of(context).size.width;
// Remove wideScreen reference
// Add from here ...
final AnimationStatus status = _controller.status;
if (width > 600) {
if (status != AnimationStatus.forward &&
status != AnimationStatus.completed) {
_controller.forward();
}
} else {
if (status != AnimationStatus.reverse &&
status != AnimationStatus.dismissed) {
_controller.reverse();
}
}
if (!controllerInitialized) {
controllerInitialized = true;
_controller.value = width > 600 ? 1 : 0;
}
// ... to here.
}
// Add from here ...
@override
void dispose() {
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
// ... to here.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Modify from here ...
return AnimatedBuilder(
animation: _controller,
builder: (context, _) {
return Scaffold(
body: Row(
children: [
DisappearingNavigationRail(
railAnimation: _railAnimation,
railFabAnimation: _railFabAnimation,
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
backgroundColor: _backgroundColor,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
Expanded(
child: Container(
color: _backgroundColor,
child: EmailListView(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
currentUser: widget.currentUser,
),
),
),
],
),
floatingActionButton: AnimatedFloatingActionButton(
animation: _barAnimation,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
bottomNavigationBar: DisappearingBottomNavigationBar(
barAnimation: _barAnimation,
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
);
},
);
// ... to here.
}
}
Execute o app. Inicialmente, ele vai parecer igual a antes. Redimensione a tela para que a interface alterne entre a coluna e a barra de navegação, dependendo do tamanho e das dimensões. O movimento dessas transições agora vai aparecer de forma fluida e divertida. Use a recarga automática para mudar as curvas de animação usadas para conferir como isso altera a experiência do aplicativo.
8. Como adicionar uma visualização de lista/detalhes
Como bônus, um app de mensagens é ótimo para mostrar um layout de lista/detalhe, mas somente se a tela for larga o suficiente. Comece adicionando um arquivo em lib/widgets chamado reply_list_view.dart e inclua o seguinte código nele:
lib/widgets/reply_list_view.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../models/data.dart' as data;
import 'email_widget.dart';
class ReplyListView extends StatelessWidget {
const ReplyListView({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.only(right: 8.0),
child: ListView(
children: [
const SizedBox(height: 8),
...List.generate(data.replies.length, (index) {
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 8.0),
child: EmailWidget(
email: data.replies[index],
isPreview: false,
isThreaded: true,
showHeadline: index == 0,
),
);
}),
],
),
);
}
}
Depois, em lib/transitions adicione um list_detail_transition.dart e inclua o seguinte código nele:
lib/transitions/list_detail_transition.dart
import 'dart:ui';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import '../animations.dart';
class ListDetailTransition extends StatefulWidget {
const ListDetailTransition({
super.key,
required this.animation,
required this.one,
required this.two,
});
final Animation<double> animation;
final Widget one;
final Widget two;
@override
State<ListDetailTransition> createState() => _ListDetailTransitionState();
}
class _ListDetailTransitionState extends State<ListDetailTransition> {
Animation<double> widthAnimation = const AlwaysStoppedAnimation(0);
late final Animation<double> sizeAnimation =
SizeAnimation(parent: widget.animation);
late final Animation<Offset> offsetAnimation = Tween<Offset>(
begin: const Offset(1, 0),
end: Offset.zero,
).animate(OffsetAnimation(parent: sizeAnimation));
double currentFlexFactor = 0;
@override
void didChangeDependencies() {
super.didChangeDependencies();
final double width = MediaQuery.of(context).size.width;
double nextFlexFactor = 1000;
if (width >= 800 && width < 1200) {
nextFlexFactor = lerpDouble(1000, 2000, (width - 800) / 400)!;
} else if (width >= 1200 && width < 1600) {
nextFlexFactor = lerpDouble(2000, 3000, (width - 1200) / 400)!;
} else if (width > 1600) {
nextFlexFactor = 3000;
}
if (nextFlexFactor == currentFlexFactor) {
return;
}
if (currentFlexFactor == 0) {
widthAnimation =
Tween<double>(begin: 0, end: nextFlexFactor).animate(sizeAnimation);
} else {
final TweenSequence<double> sequence = TweenSequence([
if (sizeAnimation.value > 0) ...[
TweenSequenceItem(
tween: Tween(begin: 0, end: widthAnimation.value),
weight: sizeAnimation.value,
),
],
if (sizeAnimation.value < 1) ...[
TweenSequenceItem(
tween: Tween(begin: widthAnimation.value, end: nextFlexFactor),
weight: 1 - sizeAnimation.value,
),
],
]);
widthAnimation = sequence.animate(sizeAnimation);
}
currentFlexFactor = nextFlexFactor;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return widthAnimation.value.toInt() == 0
? widget.one
: Row(
children: [
Flexible(
flex: 1000,
child: widget.one,
),
Flexible(
flex: widthAnimation.value.toInt(),
child: FractionalTranslation(
translation: offsetAnimation.value,
child: widget.two,
),
),
],
);
}
}
Integre esse conteúdo no app atualizando lib/main.dart da seguinte maneira:
lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'animations.dart';
import 'models/data.dart' as data;
import 'models/models.dart';
import 'transitions/list_detail_transition.dart'; // Add import
import 'widgets/animated_floating_action_button.dart';
import 'widgets/disappearing_bottom_navigation_bar.dart';
import 'widgets/disappearing_navigation_rail.dart';
import 'widgets/email_list_view.dart';
import 'widgets/reply_list_view.dart'; // Add import
void main() {
runApp(const MainApp());
}
class MainApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MainApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData.light(useMaterial3: true),
home: Feed(currentUser: data.user_0),
);
}
}
class Feed extends StatefulWidget {
const Feed({
super.key,
required this.currentUser,
});
final User currentUser;
@override
State<Feed> createState() => _FeedState();
}
class _FeedState extends State<Feed> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
late final _colorScheme = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
late final _backgroundColor = Color.alphaBlend(
_colorScheme.primary.withOpacity(0.14), _colorScheme.surface);
late final _controller = AnimationController(
duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 1000),
reverseDuration: const Duration(milliseconds: 1250),
value: 0,
vsync: this);
late final _railAnimation = RailAnimation(parent: _controller);
late final _railFabAnimation = RailFabAnimation(parent: _controller);
late final _barAnimation = BarAnimation(parent: _controller);
int selectedIndex = 0;
bool controllerInitialized = false;
@override
void didChangeDependencies() {
super.didChangeDependencies();
final double width = MediaQuery.of(context).size.width;
final AnimationStatus status = _controller.status;
if (width > 600) {
if (status != AnimationStatus.forward &&
status != AnimationStatus.completed) {
_controller.forward();
}
} else {
if (status != AnimationStatus.reverse &&
status != AnimationStatus.dismissed) {
_controller.reverse();
}
}
if (!controllerInitialized) {
controllerInitialized = true;
_controller.value = width > 600 ? 1 : 0;
}
}
@override
void dispose() {
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return AnimatedBuilder(
animation: _controller,
builder: (context, _) {
return Scaffold(
body: Row(
children: [
DisappearingNavigationRail(
railAnimation: _railAnimation,
railFabAnimation: _railFabAnimation,
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
backgroundColor: _backgroundColor,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
Expanded(
child: Container(
color: _backgroundColor,
// Update from here ...
child: ListDetailTransition(
animation: _railAnimation,
one: EmailListView(
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
currentUser: widget.currentUser,
),
two: const ReplyListView(),
),
// ... to here.
),
),
],
),
floatingActionButton: AnimatedFloatingActionButton(
animation: _barAnimation,
onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
bottomNavigationBar: DisappearingBottomNavigationBar(
barAnimation: _barAnimation,
selectedIndex: selectedIndex,
onDestinationSelected: (index) {
setState(() {
selectedIndex = index;
});
},
),
);
},
);
}
}
Execute o app para conferir tudo junto. Você tem o estilo do Material Design 3 e animação entre diferentes layouts, em um app que parece real. Ele terá a seguinte aparência:
9. Parabéns
Parabéns, você criou seu primeiro app do Flutter com Material Design 3.
Para revisar todas as etapas desse codelab em código, consulte o repositório GitHub de codelabs do Flutter.
Qual é a próxima etapa?
Confira alguns destes codelabs:
- Como criar um jogo com o Flutter e o Flame
- Deixe seu app do Flutter lindo, não chato
- Como usar FFI em um plugin do Flutter
Leia mais
- Leia mais nas Atualizações do Material Design 3 no Flutter
- Consulte a documentação do Flutter para Material Design 3
- Revise todos os recursos do Material 3 (links em inglês)